Graphene Oxide and Derivatives: The Place in Graphene Family

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) is useful and promising material for graphene based applications in electronic, optics, chemistry, energy storage, and biology. At the beginning of graphene history GO was only a simple and cheap step for preparation of single and multilayer graphene films and bulk structures by reduction. The further studies revealed the substantial structure imperfection of graphene oxide derived materials due to the defects in initial graphite and incompletion of reducing process. However, the results of recent research demonstrated a great amount of unique chemical, optical and electronic properties of graphene oxide that allow regarding it as independent nanomaterial possessing a large area of applications. In general, it represents the ultra-large organic molecule containing 2D carbon mesh. Unlike conventional graphene it provides wide range of chemical methods for attachment of various functional groups to its surface for control optical transparency, electrical and thermal conductance. Recently developed methods for preparation of graphene oxide derivatives saturated by carboxyl groups open the new attractive application areas in green technologies including energy storage and utilizing nuclear wastes. The goal of the review is to summarize the results of recent studies of graphene oxide, derivatives and reveal the most promising directions to focus the efforts of researchers.

Year 2020: A Snapshot of the Last Progress in Flexible Printed Gas Sensors

“…As example, the oxygenated functional groups confer hydrophilic nature to GO, highly sensitive to water molecules and therefore employed to prepare humidity sensors. The oxygenated functional groups also offer different possibilities for the surface functionalization with noble metals, metal oxides and conductive polymers [91]. An example of flexible ammonia sensor based on rGO and nano-Ag ink deposited through inkjet printing to a PET substrate is reported in [50] and shown in Figure 9.…”

Viral filtration using carbon‐based materials

“…Traditionally, graphene oxide is formed from the chemical exfoliation of layered crystalline graphite into mono‐sheets (Boehm, Setton, & Stumpp, 1994; Park & Ruoff, 2009); however, alternative methods, such as self‐assembly (Tang et al., 2012) and chemical vapour deposition (Liu & Chen, 2016), have been proposed. Graphene oxide is a non‐stoichiometric chemical compound comprised of a single atomic plane of carbon molecules arranged in a regular hexagonal lattice with carboxylic groups at its edges and hydroxyl groups in its basal plane (Compton & Nguyen, 2010; Dideikin & Vul, 2019; Park & Ruoff, 2009). Graphene nanoplatelets are composed of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure (Georgakilas, Perman, Tucek, & Zboril, 2015; Li et al., 2014).…”

Physical properties and device applications of graphene oxide

“…The electronic transport in RGO is governed by the hopping between localized states near the Fermi level. Although significantly being enhanced with regard to 43 GO, the electrical conductance and charge carrier mobility of RGO are still much lower than those of pristine graphene, due to the presence of oxygen residues and defects.…”