Graphene-Based terahertz antennas for area-constrained applications

Abadal, Sergi; Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan; Cabellos‐Aparicio, Albert; Alarcón, Eduard

doi:10.1109/tsp.2017.8076102

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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Section: Design Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7 shows the resonance characteristics of the antenna as a function of the chemical potential. The increase of chemical potential leads to a significant shift of the resonant frequency and to an enhancement of the antenna response without changes in the radiation pattern [105]. Absorption enhancement based on metal nanoparticle dispersive properties of metal nanoantenna structures is also a critical design issue that needs also consideration.…”

Section: Design Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Lallas

2019

Applied Sciences

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Wireless data traffic has experienced an unprecedented boost in past years, and according to data traffic forecasts, within a decade, it is expected to compete sufficiently with wired broadband infrastructure. Therefore, the use of even higher carrier frequency bands in the THz range, via adoption of new technologies to equip future THz band wireless communication systems at the nanoscale is required, in order to accommodate a variety of applications, that would satisfy the ever increasing user demands of higher data rates. Certain wireless applications such as 5G and beyond communications, network on chip system architectures, and nanosensor networks, will no longer satisfy speed and latency demands with existing technologies and system architectures. Apart from conventional CMOS technology, and the already tested, still promising though, photonic technology, other technologies and materials such as plasmonics with graphene respectively, may offer a viable infrastructure solution on existing THz technology challenges. This survey paper is a thorough investigation on the current and beyond state of the art plasmonic system implementation for THz communications, by providing in-depth reference material, highlighting the fundamental aspects of plasmonic technology roles in future THz band wireless communication and THz wireless applications, that will define future demands coping with users' needs. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5488 2 of 34 communications, researchers have been focused on taking advantage of higher regions in the radio spectrum, pointing to the THz band communication and infrastructure, as a promising solution to equip 5G plus networks, thus enabling efficient operation of bandwidth hungry applications, that are not feasible at the moment with current infrastructure.Wireless NoC (WiNoC) [5] with its inherent broadcast capability, appears as a promising approach to overcome all abovementioned bottlenecks of ancestor technologies. Ultra small miniature sizes of plasmon based antennas and other nanolink components as well, with considerably much less wiring, are the desired features of this technology, in order to enable the integration of one or multiple antennas per core, paving the way for dense, scalable NoC schemes, as required by future applications. Graphene based WiNoCs (GWiNoCs) is probably the most updated promising approach for THz nanoscale wireless communications, and it is therefore considered to be the basis for implementing future on chip network architectures. Alternatively, hybrid optical wireless schemes, may be also proved to be a promising NoC solution [6], by combining the best assets of these two worlds: low loss dielectric waveguide media, and miniature sized plasmonic material oscillating at THz rates.Last, wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) is another established THz nanoscale application, with basic similarities as in WiNoCs, such as core to core or to memory communication, but also with other unique characteristic types of communication, mainly between nanosensors and nanomachin...

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Section: Design Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Lallas

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…Nanoantennas operating in THz band are of great importance in everyday life due to their numerous utilizations in the various photonics fields. Initially, graphene-based antennas were hypothetically studied, while recent studies by Sergai and colleagues [102] demonstrated graphene as the radiating element in a stack graphene-based dipole antenna that resonates at terahertz frequency band, as depicted in Figure 3a. The dipole antenna is designed by employing graphene sheet stacks on low index material (LIM; i.e., quartz) substrate with the dielectric constant ε r = 3.8.…”

Section: Graphene Resonant Terahertz Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Graphene stack dipole antenna on low index material (LIM); (b) input impedance and resonance frequency as a function of dipole arm length, where the frequency shifts to lower end as the length increases; (c) comparison of graphene radiator with gold, as gold radiator resonates at a higher frequency than graphene; and (d,e) behavior of conductivity with respect to changes in chemical potential and relaxation time. © IEEE 2017, Reprinted with permission from[102].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications

Ullah

Witjaksono

Nawi

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Exceptional advancement has been made in the development of graphene optical nanoantennas. They are incorporated with optoelectronic devices for plasmonics application and have been an active research area across the globe. The interest in graphene plasmonic devices is driven by the different applications they have empowered, such as ultrafast nanodevices, photodetection, energy harvesting, biosensing, biomedical imaging and high-speed terahertz communications. In this article, the aim is to provide a detailed review of the essential explanation behind graphene nanoantennas experimental proofs for the developments of graphene-based plasmonics antennas, achieving enhanced light–matter interaction by exploiting graphene material conductivity and optical properties. First, the fundamental graphene nanoantennas and their tunable resonant behavior over THz frequencies are summarized. Furthermore, incorporating graphene–metal hybrid antennas with optoelectronic devices can prompt the acknowledgment of multi-platforms for photonics. More interestingly, various technical methods are critically studied for frequency tuning and active modulation of optical characteristics, through in situ modulations by applying an external electric field. Second, the various methods for radiation beam scanning and beam reconfigurability are discussed through reflectarray and leaky-wave graphene antennas. In particular, numerous graphene antenna photodetectors and graphene rectennas for energy harvesting are studied by giving a critical evaluation of antenna performances, enhanced photodetection, energy conversion efficiency and the significant problems that remain to be addressed. Finally, the potential developments in the synthesis of graphene material and technological methods involved in the fabrication of graphene–metal nanoantennas are discussed.

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“…The infinite graphene film can be modeled by an equivalent surface, which can be calculated by means of the Kubo formalism . The surface conductivity can be represented in a local, Drude‐like form

σ ((), ω) = \frac{2 e^{2}}{πh} k_{B} T \ln ([], 2 \cosh ([], \frac{μ_{c}}{2 k_{B} T})) \frac{i}{ω + i τ^{- 1}}

where T is room temperature ( T = 300 K), transport relaxation time τ is a typical value ( τ = 1 ps), μ c is the chemical potential.…”

Section: Model Of Graphene Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable terahertz Vivaldi antenna based on a hybrid graphene‐metal structure

Jin

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This paper presents a reconfigurable terahertz Vivaldi antenna based on a hybrid graphene-metal structure. The proposed antenna uses a novel tapered slot edge with hybrid graphene-metal structure to improve the electromagnetic characteristics of classical metallic Vivaldi antennas. The results show that the proposed hybrid graphene-metal Vivaldi antenna can be dynamically reconfigured via electric field bias, and has a low reflection coefficient. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the proposed antenna has excellent gain and radiation efficiency than that of the graphene Vivaldi antenna, and brings more possibilities to the realization and application of graphene antennas in the terahertz band, which is expected to use in terahertz wireless communication in the future.

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Graphene-Based terahertz antennas for area-constrained applications

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications

Reconfigurable terahertz Vivaldi antenna based on a hybrid graphene‐metal structure

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