Graphene based sensors in the detection of glucose in saliva – a promising emerging modality to diagnose diabetes mellitus

Abstract

No more needles – a new modality to detect saliva glucose with graphene and its derivatives is on the horizon.

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Recent Study

“…Prabowoa et al (2016) introduced a novel idea for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA hybridization using graphene deposited on a SPR-sensing chip. The use of GO-based nanomaterials for glucose sensing is now growing prosperously (Cheng et al, 2017; Kumar et al, 2017). A device based on graphene gated electrodes with glucose oxidase exhibited superior selectivity and enhanced glucose sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.5 mM (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

“…MWCNTs contain few graphitic layers in the rolling pattern, with an interlayer spacing of 3.4Å (Odom et al, 1998; Eatemadi et al, 2014). As a consequence of its unique mechanical, electrical and structural diversity, it gives superior strength, flexibility and electrical conductivity toward various biological entities, which is useful for sensing, medical diagnosis and treating various diseases (Wu et al, 2010; Hwang et al, 2013; Roldo and Fatouros, 2013; Kumar et al, 2017). However, among the various allotropes of carbon, graphene is considered the most attractive material owing to its unique intrinsic properties.…”

Effects of the surface chemistry and structure of carbon nanotubes on the coating of glucose oxidase and electrochemical biosensors performance

“…2 The t-NTOX biosensor covers this concentration range, while, the h-NTOX based biosensor could be used in uids in which the concentration of glucose is low like perspiration and saliva. [53][54][55] Differences in working range can be explained by the amount of active enzyme that is available in each electrode. At the selected working conditions (À0.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 1000 rpm), NTs are known to present a high catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction, and rotary ring-disk electrode measurements show they work at diffusion-controlled potential region.…”

Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Based on Graphene Functionalized with Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Healthcare Applications

“…Further, in recent years the application of graphene as a glucose biosensor has progressed significantly. Shanbhag and Prasad proposed the fabrication of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide as a glucose sensor, and successfully applied it for monitoring glucose concentration in saliva. Thirumalraj et al .…”