Graphene-Based Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Homogeneous Immunoassay

Abstract

We report on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) between graphene nanosheets and chemiluminescent donors. In contrast to fluorescence resonance energy transfer, CRET occurs via nonradiative dipole-dipole transfer of energy from a chemiluminescent donor to a suitable acceptor molecule without an external excitation source. We designed a graphene-based CRET platform for homogeneous immunoassay of C-reactive protein (CRP), a key marker for human inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, using a luminol/hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence (CL) reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. According to our results, anti-CRP antibody conjugated to graphene nanosheets enabled the capture of CRP at the concentration above 1.6 ng mL(-1). In the CRET platform, graphene played a key role as an energy acceptor, which was more efficient than graphene oxide, while luminol served as a donor to graphene, triggering the CRET phenomenon between luminol and graphene. The graphene-based CRET platform was successfully applied to the detection of CRP in human serum samples in the range observed during acute inflammatory stress.

Sensitive detection of C-reactive protein using optical fiber Bragg gratings

“…Christodoulides et al (2005) have reported the CRP detection using human saliva rather than the blood serum in ELISA tests. Further, for the detection of CRP, carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanofibers, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have also been used in EIS and chemiluminescence methods (Gupta et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2012).…”

New Horizons for Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide

“…[ 52 ] Lee and co-workers designed a graphene-based CRET platform for homogeneous immunoassay of C-reactive protein (CRP), a key marker for human infl ammation and cardiovascular diseases, using a luminol/hydrogen peroxide CL reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. [ 53 ] Figure 1 . (A) a) Caspase-3 detection using GO-peptide conjugate.…”

Immunosensing procedures for carcinoembryonic antigen using graphene and nanocomposites

“…Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET), however, occurs via nonradiative dipole-dipole energy transfer from a donor to an acceptor without an external excitation source. In the CRET platform with luminol, graphene is a better energy acceptor than GO, (Lee et al, 2012) as shown in Figure 6. Oxygenated functionalities are introduced in the graphite structure, which expand the layer separation and disrupt the sp 2 configuration.…”

“…With luminol as the donor, the energy transfer efficiency is 72% for graphene and 36% for GO. Such a result is attributed to large Stokes shifts and long-range energy transfer efficiency of graphene (Lee et al, 2012) significance is a graphene-based CRET platform with remarkable detection sensitivity for homogeneous IA for C-reactive protein (CRP) (Lee et al, 2012). In this detection scheme, the anti-CRP Ab is conjugated to graphene nanosheets (with sulfonic acid groups) to capture and A label-free technique based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) also deserves a brief mention considering some recent developments in SPR biosensing with graphene modified sensing gold chips.…”