Grain size dependence of the bandgap in chemical bath deposited CdS thin films

Gómez, H.; Marotti, Ricardo E.; Riveros, G.; Dalchiele, Enrique A.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2004.01.002

Cited by 196 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…10-0454. The intense diffraction peak appearing approximately at 2θ = 26.6° corresponds to the (111) plane of the cubic CdS (Senthamilselvi et al, 2013;Oladeji et al, 2000;Cortes et al, 2004). The lattice constant (a) of the cubic structure of CdS films is calculated using the following formula:…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition and Characterization of CdS Nano Thin Film with Complexing Agent Triethanolamine

Manikandan¹,

Dilip²,

Prabaharan³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The equimolar concentration thin films of Cadmium Sulfide (Cd x S x ) with the complexing agent TEA were deposited on a glass substrate by the SILAR technique. The crystalline nature with face centered cubic crystal system of the CdS films is determined from Xray diffraction analysis. The broadened diffraction peaks indicated nano sized particles of the film materials. The surface morphology of the films was studied by SEM analysis. The Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) plot confirms the equimolar composition of Cd and S ions in the film materials. Surface topography of the film was studied by AFM. The optical characteristic of absorbance, transmittance and band gap was analyzed by UV-visible spectra. The band gap energy of the material was observed as 2.18 eV and chemical bonding was studied by FT-IR spectral analysis.

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition and Characterization of CdS Nano Thin Film with Complexing Agent Triethanolamine

Manikandan¹,

Dilip²,

Prabaharan³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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“…It is known that the cubic CdS modification con verts to the more stable hexagonal wurtzite structure in the temperature range 300-400°C [19,24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase formation and structural characteristics of Cd-Pb-S nanopowder compositions produced by modification of CdS powder in a citrate-ammonia solution of a lead salt

Chufarov

Forostyanaya

Ermakov

et al. 2013

Russ. J. Inorg. Chem.

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Abstract-Nanopowders obtained by modification of a cadmium sulfide powder in a citrate-ammonia solu tion of lead acetate have been studied by X ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The type of crystal structure and composition of Cd-Pb-S nanopowders depend on the conditions of their syn thesis. The thermoanalytical curves show a well defined endotherm in the temperature range 284-321°C. The position of this endotherm depends on the duration of contact of a CdS powder with an aqueous solution of a lead salt. Heating nanopowders to 600°C in an argon flow leads to formation of oxygen containing phases: lead sulfate and cadmium oxide.

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“…However, several authors have reported explicitly or implicitly that the lower the reaction temperature the lower the thin film growth rate [12,15,20,21,23,28,34,35,54,[77][78][79][80][81]84,87,90,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121]. Thus, without delving into the cases in which homogeneous precipitation is favored, which limits the maximum d-a limit which was directly reported [12,15,21] or simply evident in the results reported [115,118,120] by some authors-the use of low temperatures lengthens the time required to achieve a thin film with determined d compared to the time required at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Selection Of a Convenient Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Analysis of Five Aspects Addressed to Minimize Costs and Waste in the Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films Using the CdB–AC6H5O7–AOH–(NH2)2CS System

García-Valenzuela¹,

Castelo-González²,

Baez-Gaxiola³

et al. 2013

MSA

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Five studies were conducted in order to produce less waste and economize the application of a CdCl 2 -Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 -KOH-H 3 BO 3 /NaOH/KCl-(NH 2 ) 2 CS definite aqueous system in the chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films, as well as to generate supporting information helpful to explain the effects of varying certain parameters established for the use of this formulation. These studies are related to the utility of the pH 10 borate buffer, to the selection of the appropriate OH -concentration, commercial alkali, and reaction temperature, and to the reusing of the residual solution. These studies were conducted by means of optical characterization, pH measurements, energy consumption tests, and chemical analysis; and all possible implications were analyzed in detail and widely supported by the literature. It is observed that the addition of 5.0 mL of pH 10 borate buffer in the reaction solutions only causes a slight reduction in the pH value and, therefore, in the thickness of the resulted films. It is observed that a decrease in CdCl 2 concentration causes an increase in the pH values, and when such reagent concentration is varied it is necessary to determine the pH value at which the best CdS films can be obtained; this indicates the existence of an optimum pH of deposition, depending on the used reagent concentrations. It is demonstrated that the use of KOH and NaOH is interchangeable, and the advantages of NaOH are evaluated in the context of hygroscopicity, CO 2 absorption, purity, and price. It is observed that the energy consumption when depositing a determined film is lower at high temperatures, and it is concluded that the time and energy savings at high temperatures are undoubtedly advantages in the deposition process of CdS thin films. A formulation to recycle the residual solution is presented, which is very important for the reducing of residual volume, and, therefore, in the minimizing of the environmental impact. An indirect objective of this work is to generate interest in identifying those points that could be modified in other chemical formulations to minimize costs and waste.

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Grain size dependence of the bandgap in chemical bath deposited CdS thin films

Cited by 196 publications

References 21 publications

Deposition and Characterization of CdS Nano Thin Film with Complexing Agent Triethanolamine

Deposition and Characterization of CdS Nano Thin Film with Complexing Agent Triethanolamine

Phase formation and structural characteristics of Cd-Pb-S nanopowder compositions produced by modification of CdS powder in a citrate-ammonia solution of a lead salt

Detailed Analysis of Five Aspects Addressed to Minimize Costs and Waste in the Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films Using the Cd<i>B</i>–<i>A</i>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–<i>A</i>OH–(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CS System

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