Gradient-Based Energy Balancing and Current Control for Alternate Arm Converters

Wickramasinghe, Harith R.; Konstantinou, Georgios; Pou, Josep

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2017.2785386

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…MMC control strategies for SM capacitor voltage/energy management [31]- [34] and AC fault ride-through [35]- [37] are not directly applicable to the AAC because this topology is time-varying over a fundamental period due to the varying DS combinations [23], [38], unlike the MMC topology, which is time-invariant when the valves are approximated as controllable voltage sources [39]. AAC "short-overlap" mode control strategies for SM capacitor voltage management [22], [40], [41] and AC fault ride-through [42] cannot be directly applied to the "extendedoverlap" mode due to the previously described operational differences between these two modes. Therefore, in this paper, novel AC fault ride-though strategies for the AAC "extendedoverlap" mode are described and then experimentally validated by using the SSP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alternate Arm Converter “Extended-Overlap” Mode: AC Faults

Farr

Feldman

Clare

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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This paper presents AC fault ride-through strategies for the "extended-overlap" operating mode of the Alternate Arm Converter (AAC), which is a type of modular multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) that has been proposed for HVDC transmission applications. The AAC offers several benefits over the Half-Bridge (HB) Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), such as requiring fewer Sub-Modules (SMs) with a smaller capacitance and providing DC fault ride-through capability. Novel symmetrical and asymmetrical AC fault ride-through strategies are described and these strategies are experimentally validated by using a Small Scale Prototype (SSP).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alternate Arm Converter “Extended-Overlap” Mode: AC Faults

Farr

Feldman

Clare

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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“…Thus, as for the MMC, a current can flows through the DC link and phase leg. This current, also called overlap current in this paper, can be used to control the stored energy inside the converter in order to maintain the overall power balance as in [6], [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stored Energy Control Based Active DC Filter for the Alternate Arm Converter with an Extended Overlap Period

Vermeersch

Gruson

Merlin

et al. 2019

2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe)

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The Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) is a multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) suitable for HVDC systems with DC-fault blocking capability. In its "Short-Overlap" configuration (SO-AAC) it requires a bulky passive DC filter to suppress the DC current ripple caused by the rectification of the grid currents in the DC link. With an Extended-Overlap period (EO-AAC), an active DC filtering control strategy can be implemented thanks the fact that there is always one phase in overlap mode, providing a continuous control of the DC current. Previous works have been realized considering DC inductors at each pole of the DC link. In this paper, a stored energy control assessment is proposed leading to the deduction of a stored energy model allowing a formal DC current control without DC inductors. The proposed control is supported through a static analysis and dynamic simulation in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.

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“…To control the differential current during this short period, different techniques have been explored such as the hysteresis controller [15,18] which allows high dynamics in addition to a simple implementation. Recently, a current control has been proposed in [19] providing, among other features, a reduced switching frequency compared to the hysteresis controller. In this paper, a simple hysteresis controller is used, its principle is to activate positively or negatively one, or more, SM to vary the voltage across the arm inductors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model obtained in (19) integrates the energy deviation when the 'j' phase is in Non-overlap mode. This new disturbance is function of the instantaneous grid current peak value which means that this value must be updated…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and director switches commutation controls for the alternate arm converter

Vermeersch

Gruson

Guillaud

et al. 2019

Mathematics and Computers in Simulation

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: https://sam.ensam.eu Handle IDAbstract The Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) is promising multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) suitable for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems. This converter exhibits interesting features such as a DC Fault Ride Through capability thanks to the use of Full-Bridge Sub-Modules (SM) and a smaller footprint than an equivalent Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC).After an analysis of the converter operating modes called Non-overlap and Overlap mode, a sequential representation of the AAC operation is proposed. The main originality of this paper is the use of the Petri Net to describe all the phases and to highlight their sequencing. According to the phases identified thanks to the sequential approach, models and control structures for the grid currents, the internal energy and the Zero Current Switching (ZCS) are detailed. Furthermore, the step-by-step approach proposed in this paper allows a clear and rigorous modelling of this complex converter.

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Gradient-Based Energy Balancing and Current Control for Alternate Arm Converters

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

The Alternate Arm Converter “Extended-Overlap” Mode: AC Faults

The Alternate Arm Converter “Extended-Overlap” Mode: AC Faults

A Stored Energy Control Based Active DC Filter for the Alternate Arm Converter with an Extended Overlap Period

Energy and director switches commutation controls for the alternate arm converter

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