Energy and director switches commutation controls for the alternate arm converter

Vermeersch, Pierre; Gruson, François; Guillaud, Xavier; Merlin, Michaël M. C.; Egrot, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2018.11.020

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since the advent of the AAC (all overlap lengths included), different methods using the DC power have been explored. Most of them, consist in the exchange of energy between the leg in overlap mode and the DC side as in [12]- [15]. However, they do not comply with the EO-AAC operations, because for each of them, one of the two aforementioned constraints is not fulfilled.…”

Section: Existing Energy Controls In Aacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Energy Management of EO-AAC: Toward a Dynamic Equivalence With MMC

Vermeersch

Gruson

Merlin

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Energy management in modular type converters constitutes a key aspect of their operational stability. This paper introduces a full energy management structure for the Extended Overlap-Alternate Arm Converter (EO-AAC) ensuring both equal energy distribution across all six stacks and the maintaining of ripple-free DC current during steady state. The performance of the control structure against active power step events is validated by detailed simulations using EMTP-RV software. Moreover, the full energy management allows the EO-AAC to have an equivalent controllability to Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) through only two conducting stacks in overlap mode ensuring the power balance. From this observation, it is demonstrated that the use of control strategy like the virtual capacitor to support HVDC system, originally designed for MMC, is possible.Gathering all these controllers leads to a general conclusion which is the dynamic equivalence between EO-AAC and MMC.

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Section: Existing Energy Controls In Aacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Energy Management of EO-AAC: Toward a Dynamic Equivalence With MMC

Vermeersch

Gruson

Merlin

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…The principle of the ZCS control during 2α is to modify the current distribution in the overlapping arms via i cir to control the current flowing through the shut arm to zero [31]. This allows energy balancing between the upper and lower arms, as well as ZCS of the DS by ensuring the opening of the DS at zero current [34,45]. During 2α, the expressions for i g_ac and i cir are depicted in (12) and (13), respectively.…”

Section: Zcs Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 is shown in Table 1. Besides that, it can be observed in [45] that the transition is shown in the form of Petri network since the AAC is a sequential system following a repetitive set of different states, whereas Fan et al [25] depict the transition with a block diagram.…”

Section: Energy Balance Between the Upper And Lower Arms Of The Aacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arm energy balancing control in AACs: a comparative analysis

Leow

Ooi

2020

IET Power Electronics

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The alternate arm converter (AAC) is an emerging state-of-the-art topology for voltage-source converter (VSC) by combining two-level converter and modular multilevel converter (MMC). The AAC performs better than the MMC in terms of the ability to block DC-side faults and ride through AC-side faults. Moreover, the number of sub-modules (SMs) per arm of the AAC is reduced by about 50% compared with the MMC. The key issue with AAC is the energy deviation during the alternate operation between the upper and lower arms. Presently, several AAC balancing techniques have been proposed, but no comparative analysis has been performed to provide insight on the effect of each balancing technique on AAC performance. In this study, five proposed balancing techniques are reviewed accordingly, followed by comparing them in terms of four parameters-the presence of DC filter, balancing capability, the presence of redundant SMs and zero-current switching control. Furthermore, a simulation work has been performed to study and compare the effects of each of the five balancing techniques. Both literature and simulation-based comparative analysis are significant to help select appropriate balancing technique as well as to provide helpful insights to improve the existing balancing techniques.

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“…By expressing the DC voltage of the system disturbance in (7) according the AC voltage peak value (V dc = k acdcVg ), the overall system disturbance can be expressed according to the AC power using (8). So:…”

Section: Per-phase Stored Energy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, as for the MMC, a current can flows through the DC link and phase leg. This current, also called overlap current in this paper, can be used to control the stored energy inside the converter in order to maintain the overall power balance as in [6], [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stored Energy Control Based Active DC Filter for the Alternate Arm Converter with an Extended Overlap Period

Vermeersch

Gruson

Merlin

et al. 2019

2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe)

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The Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) is a multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) suitable for HVDC systems with DC-fault blocking capability. In its "Short-Overlap" configuration (SO-AAC) it requires a bulky passive DC filter to suppress the DC current ripple caused by the rectification of the grid currents in the DC link. With an Extended-Overlap period (EO-AAC), an active DC filtering control strategy can be implemented thanks the fact that there is always one phase in overlap mode, providing a continuous control of the DC current. Previous works have been realized considering DC inductors at each pole of the DC link. In this paper, a stored energy control assessment is proposed leading to the deduction of a stored energy model allowing a formal DC current control without DC inductors. The proposed control is supported through a static analysis and dynamic simulation in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.

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Energy and director switches commutation controls for the alternate arm converter

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Full Energy Management of EO-AAC: Toward a Dynamic Equivalence With MMC

Full Energy Management of EO-AAC: Toward a Dynamic Equivalence With MMC

Arm energy balancing control in AACs: a comparative analysis

A Stored Energy Control Based Active DC Filter for the Alternate Arm Converter with an Extended Overlap Period

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