Governmental duty of care for disaster-related science diplomacy

Abstract

Purpose: This paper presents a first exploration of governmental duty of care towards scientists involved in science diplomacy by focusing on disaster research. Design/methodology/approach: The method is a conceptual exploration, using specific case studies and potential scenarios within theories and practices of science diplomacy and duty of care, to raise questions and to suggest policy recommendations for government. The focus on disaster research links the analysis to disaster diplomacy, namely how and why disasterrelated activities (in this case, science) do and do not influence peace and conflict. Findings: From examining case studies of, and outputs and outcomes from, disaster-related science diplomacy, governments need to consider duty of care issues in advance and develop a science diplomacy strategy, rather than responding after the fact or developing policy ad hoc. Practical implications: Policy recommendations are provided to try to ensure that governments avoid simply reacting after a crisis, instead being ready for a situation before it arises and drawing on others' experience to improve their own actions. Social implications: Improved interaction between science and society is discussed in the context of diplomacy, especially for disaster-related activities. Originality/value: Governmental duty of care has not before been applied to science diplomacy. The focus on disaster-related science further provides a comparatively new dimension for science diplomacy.

Aktivitas Diplomasi Digital Dalam Manajemen Bencana: Studi Kasus Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia Dan Fukushima, Jepang

“…Aktivitas diplomasi secara tradisional seringkali dikaitkan dengan tindakan para utusan (seperti duta besar, diplomat, maupun utusan lainnya) dari suatu negara dalam membangun hubungan internasional dengan negara lain (Nicolson, 1950). Pelaku dari aktivitas diplomasi sendiri mengalami perluasan yang tidak hanya melibatkan aktor dari utusan pemerintah saja, tetapi juga mencakup banyak pihak seperti selebriti, media, pelaku seni, kelompok agama, tim olahraga, maupun warga negara biasa lainnya (Kelman, 2017).…”

Introduction: The Duty of Care in International Relations

“…The results are mixed. The state produces and reproduces risk, and tries to govern its population in new ways, balancing a "responsibilisation" of the population with increased state disaster preparedness (Bianchi 2006, Löwenheim 2007, Hook 2012, Kelman 2017. Even so, there are reasons to believe that this new responsibilisation is largely rejected by the audience; the citizens (Leira 2017).…”