Goldhagen's Germany

The Ontology of “Political Violence”: Action and Identity in Civil Wars

“…Policemen in Quilalí, Nicaragua, were basically the "armed following of the Talavera clan, whose turf this was," Paul Berman reports, adding that clan politics was "an embodiment of every rural Nicaraguan event that never did get adequately reported to the outside world in the years following the Sandinista revolution." 32 A study of a northern Spanish town found that the main cleavage in its central neighborhood began in the early 1930s as a dispute between two doctors competing for the title of official town doctor, which entailed a lucrative state-guaranteed practice. Many families became engaged on the side of one doctor or the other: "Simultaneously, the political turmoil of the end of the Republic added a wider political dimension to what was in essence a dispute based on local issues.…”

Changes in Marketing Channels Formation

“…Gundlach, Bolumole, Eltantawy and Frankel (2006) revealed changes in marketing channels over the last two decades in their article. In this article we analyse the models of marketing channel formation proposed by Stern, El-Ansary (1992); Berman (1996); Rosenbloom (1999); Kotler, Keller (2007); ), Neves, Zuurbier, Campomar (2001.…”

“…Next, the strategy is created, an appropriate structure is selected, alternatives are analysed, which would satisfy consumer needs identified already in the first stage and, finally, the best evaluated intermediaries are selected. Berman (1996) presents the following model for marketing channel formation: (1) Determining channel objectives, (2) Evaluating channel width and depth and types of intermediary requirements, (3) Evaluating market, product, company, and intermediary factors that affect channel length, (4) Allocating channel tasks among channel members, (5) Selection of specific channel resellers, (6) Revising channel arrangements.…”

“…There might be a lot of factors influencing the marketing channel; that is why they are divided into several groups of factors: market, product, company, intermediaries and competitors (Berman, 1996). Other authors Banyte, 2008;Gimzauskiene, Kloviene, 2010) -322 -factors that include most of the aforementioned factor groups.…”

“…Distribution as one of the four elements of the marketing mix is an inseparable part of marketing decisions of the company that covers all decisions on -320 -delivering of the production to the final consumer. Topics on distribution are analysed by various foreign (Ballou, 2007;Berman, 1996;Frazier, 1999;Kotler, Keller, 2007;Magrill, 1996;Rosenbloom, 1999;etc. ) and Lithuanian marketing specialists (Gudonaviciene, Buciuniene, 2003;Gudonaviciene, Alijosiene, Aukscionis, 2008;Pranulis, Pajuodis, Urbonavicius, Virvilaite, 2008), with a considerable focus on the disclosure of marketing channel formation principles.…”