Goal interdependence

Fitzsimons, Gráinne M.; Finkel, Eli J.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.015

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a vast array of species, individual threat vigilance decreases as group size increases [16]. But social species also benefit from load sharing, which entails not only the distribution of risk but also the distribution of effort applied to shared goals [17], often to great mutual advantage. Load sharing is strongly facilitated by familiarity, preference, joint attention, and trust [18]—in short, by relationships.…”

Section: Risk Effort and The Expanded Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Baseline Theory: the social regulation of risk and effort

Coan

Sbarra

2015

Current Opinion in Psychology

239

222

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We describe Social Baseline Theory (SBT), a perspective that integrates the study of social relationships with principles of attachment, behavioral ecology, cognitive neuroscience, and perception science. SBT suggests the human brain expects access to social relationships that mitigate risk and diminish the level of effort needed to meet a variety of goals. This is accomplished in part by incorporating relational partners into neural representations of the self. By contrast, decreased access to relational partners increases cognitive and physiological effort. Relationship disruptions entail re-defining the self as independent, which implies greater risk, increased effort, and diminished well being. The ungrafting of the self and other may mediate recovery from relationship loss.

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Section: Risk Effort and The Expanded Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Baseline Theory: the social regulation of risk and effort

Coan

Sbarra

2015

Current Opinion in Psychology

239

222

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“…Different types of goal orientations are distinguished, such as mastery versus performance goals (Poortvliet and Darnon 2010), approach versus avoidance goal orientations (Elliot 1999), instrumental (means and ends separable) versus constitutive (means and ends inseparable) goal orientations (Fowers et al 2010), and intrinsic versus extrinsic goals (Deci and Ryan 2000). Apart from these mostly intrapersonal theoretical goal perspectives, the interdependence of goal pursuits in life is coming to the fore as described in the Transactive Goal Dynamics Model (Fitzsimons and Finkel 2015) and illustrated in several empirical studies (see Feeney and Collins 2015 for an overview).…”

Section: Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Goals, Meanings, and Relationships in Flourishing and Languishing States: Towards Patterns of Well-being

Wissing

Schutte

Liversage

et al. 2019

Applied Research Quality Life

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Qualitative studies of lay people's perspectives on facets of well-being are scarce, and it is not known how the perspectives of people with high and low levels of well-being dovetail or differ. This research explored the experiences of people with high/flourishing versus low/languishing levels of positive mental health in three cross-sectional survey design studies. Languishing and flourishing participants were selected in each study based on quantitative data from the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form as reported by Keyes et al. (Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43:207-222, 2002). Qualitative content analyses were conducted on written responses to semistructured open-ended questions on the what and why of important meaningful things (study 1, n = 42), goals (study 2, n = 30), and relationships (study 3, n = 50). Results indicated that well-being is not only a matter of degree-manifestations differ qualitatively in flourishing and languishing states. Similar categories emerged for what flourishing and languishing people found important with regard to meaning, goals, and relationships, but the reasons for the importance thereof differed prominently. Languishing people manifested a self-focus and often motivated responses in terms of own needs and hedonic values such as own happiness, whereas flourishers were more other-focused and motivated responses in terms of eudaimonic values focusing on a greater good. We propose that positive mental health can be conceptualized in terms of dynamic quantitative and qualitative patterns of well-being. Interventions to promote well-being may need to take into account the patterns of wellbeing reflecting what people on various levels of well-being experience and value.

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“…Recent theoretical approaches to self-regulation have emphasized the fundamentally relational nature of the goal-striving processes. Individual self-regulation is closely interwoven with the self-regulation efforts of important others in the sense that, from a systemic point of view, close relationships themselves may be treated as units of analysis (Fitzsimons and Finkel, 2015; Fitzsimons et al, 2015), whereby individual and relational regulations are circularly related to each other (Finkel and Fitzsimons, 2011; Fitzsimons and Finkel, 2011). While working on their personal goals, individuals are constantly faced with challenges that result from the goals and actions of others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While working on their personal goals, individuals are constantly faced with challenges that result from the goals and actions of others. In fact, according to Transactive Goal Dynamics Theory (Fitzsimons and Finkel, 2015; Fitzsimons et al, 2015), personal goals of individuals in a committed relationship may also be regarded as interrelated and linked goals that can be best understood in the context of the close relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This way, an investigation of personal projects is capable of capturing both the actual social ecological context of an individual’s life and its future-oriented component (Little, 2015). Since close relationships are among the most important contexts of individual goal striving (c.f., Fitzsimons and Finkel, 2015), it may be inferred that personal projects are ideal units for psychological assessment and analysis of relationship related experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress and Dyadic Coping in Personal Projects of Couples – A Pattern-Oriented Analysis

et al. 2019

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Relational accounts of goal striving have barely considered dyadic coping as an element of the process, nor has dyadic coping research utilized the unique advantages of the goal construct (e.g., in form of personal project assessment) so far. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to explore stress and dyadic coping experiences associated with the personal projects of partners in a close relationship. Moreover, we approached data analysis in a pattern-oriented way, instead of using variable-centered linear models. We used cross-sectional data from 270 married and cohabiting Hungarian heterosexual couples (mean age 40.1 ± 11.2 and 37.8 ± 10.9 years for male and female partners, respectively). Partners individually completed an adapted version of the Personal Project Assessment procedure. First, they named an important but stressful personal project. Respondents appraised their experiences with the chosen personal project along several predefined aspects. These included: (1) stress experiences; (2) dyadic coping, using the adapted Dyadic Coping Inventory; (3) positive emotions; and (4) sense of community. The Relationship Assessment Scale was also assessed. Cluster analysis of both partners’ stress experiences, positive and negative dyadic coping strategies in their own personal projects revealed six relationship-level clusters. Cluster solutions represented typical variations of the stress and dyadic coping patterns of the couples, and could be arranged in a three- (lower, medium, and higher stress) by-two (positively vs. negatively balanced dyadic coping pattern) array. Further analyses indicated the general trend that couples with lower (vs. higher) stress together with more positively (vs. negatively) balanced dyadic coping may have experienced better functioning in projects (more positive emotions and higher sense of community) and higher relationship satisfaction. Results confirm that the partners’ pursuit of their personal projects is embedded in their relationship, and their functioning in these projects may partly depend on dyadic coping with the stress that arises during the accomplishment of the project. By using a pattern-oriented approach to dyadic data, we were able to distill stress and coping patterns that capture the specific types of couples’ relationships and indicate the non-linear and multidimensional nature of stress and dyadic coping processes.

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Goal interdependence

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Social Baseline Theory: the social regulation of risk and effort

Social Baseline Theory: the social regulation of risk and effort

Important Goals, Meanings, and Relationships in Flourishing and Languishing States: Towards Patterns of Well-being

Stress and Dyadic Coping in Personal Projects of Couples – A Pattern-Oriented Analysis

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