Glycemic index, glycemic load, and pulse wave reflection in adults

Recio-Rodríguez, José I; Gómez‐Marcos, Manuel A.; Patino-Alonso, María C.; E, Pablo; Sánchez, A. Cabrejas; Arietaleanizbeaskoa, María Soledad; Repiso-Gento, I.; Gonzalez-Viejo, Natividad; Maderuelo-Fernandez, José A; Agudo‐Conde, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.007

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Albeit limited, data is emerging from observational studies that have explored the implications of varying carbohydrate sources on endothelial function. Most recently, the latest sub-analysis of the EVIDENT cohort aimed to define the association between GI and vascular function via a measure of arterial stiffness, augmentation index (AI), in a population free of CVD [ 40 ]. AI is a novel surrogate measure of vascular aging that is related to endothelial dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates and Endothelial Function: Is a Low-Carbohydrate Diet or a Low-Glycemic Index Diet Favourable for Vascular Health?

2015

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Low-carbohydrate diets have become increasingly popular in both media and clinical research settings. Although they may improve some metabolic markers, their effects on arterial function remain unclear. Endothelial dysfunction is the well-established response to cardiovascular risk factors and a pivotal feature that precedes atherosclerotic diseases. It has been demonstrated that a high carbohydrate-induced hyperglycemia and subsequent oxidative stress acutely worsen the efficacy of the endothelial vasodilatory system. Thus, in theory, a carbohydrate restricted diet may preserve the integrity of the arterial system. This review attempts to provide insight on whether low-carbohydrate diets have a favorable or detrimental impact on vascular function, or it is perhaps the quality of carbohydrate that should direct dietary recommendations. Research to date suggests that diets low in carbohydrate amount may negatively impact vascular endothelial function. Conversely, it appears that maintaining recommended carbohydrate intake with utilization of low glycemic index foods generates a more favorable vascular profile. Understanding these relationships will aid in deciphering the diverging role of modulating quantity and quality of carbohydrates on cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates and Endothelial Function: Is a Low-Carbohydrate Diet or a Low-Glycemic Index Diet Favourable for Vascular Health?

2015

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“…Moreover, inter-individual and intra-individual variations (Vega-López et al, 2007), the placebo effect (Sievenpiper et al, 2007), and several other factors (FosterPowell, Holt, Brand-Miller, 2002;Wolever et al, 2009) that can influence such results must be taken into consideration. In this context, using rats whose blood had been analyzed using a standardized methodology provides many advantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, GI and GL values are calculated based on the results of tests performed in humans (Frost, Dornhorst, 2000;Jenkins et al, 1981;Recio-Rodriguez et al, 2015). However, these tests require the participation of volunteer subjects, and are expensive and very time-consuming to perform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

Marques

Schiavon

Travassos

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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We developed a pre-clinical model in which to evaluate the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels. For this purpose, we compared the effects of different carbohydrates with well-established glycemic indexes. We orally administered (gavage) increasing amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg) of sucrose and lactose to rats which had been fasted for 6 h or 15 h, respectively. In part of the experiments we administered frutose (gavagem). Three different models were compared for measuring postprandial blood glucose levels: a) evaluation of interstitial glucose concentrations by using a real time continuous glucose monitoring system; b) evaluation of glucose levels in blood obtained from the rat tail; c) evaluation of serum glucose levels in blood collected after decapitation. Our results showed that blood obtained from the tails of 15-h fasted rats was the best model in which to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels.

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“…In a previous study, we observed an association between dietary GI and arterial stiffness in a sample of 1553 subjects who did not have CVD. Even with adjustments for multiple confounders, every increase of 5 GI units was significantly associated with a 0.11% increase in augmentation index (AIx) ( p < 0.01) [ 22 ]. Although the postprandial glycemic responses associated with meals differing in CHO quantity and quality have been widely investigated [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], there are only a few studies that have examined its relationship with vascular parameters [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial Effects of Breakfast Glycemic Index on Vascular Function among Young Healthy Adults: A Crossover Clinical Trial

et al. 2017

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This study aimed to evaluate the postprandial effects of high and low glycemic index (GI) breakfasts on vascular function. It was a crossover trial that included 40 young healthy adults (50% women), aged 20–40 years, who were recruited at primary care settings. They consumed three experimental breakfasts in randomized order, each one separated by a 1-week washout period: (1) control conditions (only water); (2) low GI (LGI) breakfast (29.4 GI and 1489 KJ energy); and (3) high GI (HGI) breakfast (64.0 GI and 1318 KJ energy). Blood samples were collected at 60 and 120 min after each breakfast to determine glucose and insulin levels. Vascular parameters were measured at 15 min intervals. Augmentation index (AIx) was studied as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes comprised glucose, insulin, heart rate (HR) and pulse pressures (PPs). We found a trend toward increased AIx, HR and PPs for the HGI versus the LGI breakfast. A significant interaction between the type of breakfast consumed and all measured parameters was identified (p < 0.05) except for central PP. Stratifying data by sex, this interaction remained significant for AIx and augmentation pressure only in males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, breakfast GI could affect postprandial vascular responses in young healthy adults.

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Glycemic index, glycemic load, and pulse wave reflection in adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Carbohydrates and Endothelial Function: Is a Low-Carbohydrate Diet or a Low-Glycemic Index Diet Favourable for Vascular Health?

Carbohydrates and Endothelial Function: Is a Low-Carbohydrate Diet or a Low-Glycemic Index Diet Favourable for Vascular Health?

Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

Postprandial Effects of Breakfast Glycemic Index on Vascular Function among Young Healthy Adults: A Crossover Clinical Trial

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