Polymerization shrinkage of resin composite can compromise the longevity of restorations. To minimize this problem, the monomeric composition of composites have been modified. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the clinical behavior of restorations performed with low polymerization shrinkage resin composite in comparison with traditional methacrylates-based resin composite. This systematic review was registered at Prospero data system (CRD42015023940). Studies were searched in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and EMBASE according to a predefined search strategy. The inclusion criteria were as follow: (1) randomized controlled clinical trials with at least six months of follow-up; (2) studies investigating composites with monomers designed to reduce polymerization shrinkage; (3) studies conducted with class I or II restorations in the permanent dentition; and (4) studies that assessed at least one of the following criteria: marginal integrity/adaptation, marginal discoloration, recurent caries, retention of composite restorations, and postoperative sensitivity. Two independent reviewers analyzed the articles to determine inclusion and risk of bias. The search conducted in the databases resulted in a total of 14,217 studies. After reviewing the references and citations, 21 articles remained. The longest clinical follow-up time was 60 months. The meta-analysis of the data in the included studies demonstrated that only one variable (marginal adaptation after 12 months) showed statistically significant outcomes, in which methacrylates-based composites presented significantly better results than resin composites containing modified monomers. The good level of the scientific evidence as well as the overall low risk of bias of the included studies indicate that composites with silorane, ormocer or bulk-fill type modified monomers have a clinical performance similar to conventional resin composites.

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NCT02626325.

We compared the effects of oral administration of high-dose or low-dose glutamine dipeptide (GDP), alanine (ALA), glutamine (GLN), and ALA + GLN on the blood availability of amino acids in rats submitted to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH). Insulin detemir (1 U/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to produce IIH; this was followed by oral administration of GDP, GLN + ALA, GLN, or ALA. We observed higher blood levels of GLN, 30 min after oral administration of high-dose GDP (1000 mg/kg) than after administration of ALA (381 mg/kg) + GLN (619 mg/kg), GLN (619 mg/kg), or ALA (381 mg/kg). However, we did not observe the same differences after oral administration of low-dose GDP (100 mg/kg) compared with ALA (38.1 mg/kg) + GLN (61.9 mg/kg), GLN (61.9 mg/kg), or ALA (38.1 mg/kg). We also observed less liver catabolism of GDP compared to ALA and GLN. In conclusion, high-dose GDP promoted higher blood levels of GLN than oral ALA + GLN, GLN, or ALA. Moreover, the lower levels of liver catabolism of GDP, compared to ALA or GLN, contributed to the superior performance of high-dose GDP in terms of blood availability of GLN.

RESUMO:Este estudo teve como objetivo induzir dietas hipercalóricas em ratos para promover a obesidade e verificar seus níveis bioquímicos, relacionando-os com ratos alimentados por dieta padrão. Foram utilizados 30 ratos, pesando entre 250 e 300 g. Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos: Dieta Padrão (SD) e Dieta Cafeteria (CD). Após 30 dias, os grupos foram divididos em: SD, Dieta Plus (PD) e CD. Em 30 e 60 dias, realizaram-se as dosagens bioquímicas. Os animais foram pesados, medidos e realizaram-se os Índices de Lee e a análise macroscópica da gordura visceral. Os valores de peso, circunferência, tamanho e Índice de Lee, aumentaram nos animais da PD em 30 e 60 dias de dieta. Os parâmetros bioquímicos em 30 dias aumentaram os níveis de colesterol total e HDL do grupo SD em relação à PD e CD. Em 60 dias o colesterol total e HDL sofreram uma diminuição. Os níveis de glicose em 30 dias aumentaram em relação aos grupos da PD e CD. Na análise macroscópica da gordura visceral, o grupo PD apresentou alteração visível em relação à SD. Ao induzir dietas em animais, estes apresentaram respostas diferentes através do metabolismo e do tempo de indução da dieta. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Dislipidemias; Hiperglicemia; Obesidade; Ratos. INFLUENCE OF HYPERCALORIC DIETS ON THE PARAMETERS OF OBESIT Y, DYSLIPIDEMIA AND HYPERGLYCEMIA IN RATSABSTRACT: Hypercaloric diets were induced in rats to trigger obesity and analyze their biochemical levels. The rats were then compared with others fed on standard rations. Thirty rats, weighing 250-300 g, were used and divided into two groups: Standard Diet (SD) and Cafeteria Diet (CD). After 30 days, the groups were divided into SD, Diet Plus (PD) and CD; and biochemical tests were undertaken after 30 and 60 days. The animals were weighed, measured and the Lee Index and the microscopic analysis of visceral fat were taken. Weight, circumference, size and Lee Index increased in PD animals after 30 and 60 days of diet. In 30 days the chemical parameters increased total cholesterol and HDL levels of group SD when compared to PD and CD. Total cholesterol and HDL decreased after 60 days. Glucose levels increased after 30 days when compared to groups PD and CD. Group PD had a clear change in the microscopic analysis of visceral fat when compared to SD. Induced diet in animals had different reactions due to metabolism and induction time.

The contribution of glycogen catabolism to hyperglycemia during hypercortisolism depends of the nutritional status, starting from a negligible participation in the fed state up to a significant contribution in the fasted state.

This paper provides an overview of insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a triggering factor of cognitive deficit in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. For this purpose, databases from 1961 to 2013 were used with the objective of detecting the primary publications that address the impact of hypoglycemia on cognitive performance of diabetic children. The results obtained from experimental animals were excluded. The majority of studies demonstrated that the cognitive deficit in diabetic children involves multiple factors including duration, intensity, severity, and frequency of hypoglycemia episodes. Additionally, age at the onset of type 1 diabetes also influences the cognitive performance, considering that early inception of the disease is a predisposing factor for severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a strong correlation between brain damage caused by hypoglycemia and cognitive deterioration. Therefore, a more cautious follow-up and education are needed to impede and treat hypoglycemia in children with diabetes mellitus.

The effects of linseed oil (LO) and macadamia oil (MO) on the metabolic changes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acid were investigated. For the purpose of this study, the vegetable oil present in the HFD, i.e. soybean oil (SO) was replaced with LO (HFD-LO) or MO (HFD-MO). For comparative purposes, a group was included, which received a normal fat diet (NFD). Male Swiss mice (6-week old) were used. After 14 days under the dietary conditions, the mice were fasted for 18 h, and experiments were then performed. The HFD-SO, HFD-LO and HFD-MO groups showed higher glycaemia (p < 0.05 versus NFD). However, no significant effect was observed on glycaemia, liver gluconeogenesis and liver ketogenesis when SO was replaced by either LO or MO. The body weight and the sum of epididymal, mesenteric, retroperitoneal and inguinal fat weights were higher (p < 0.05) in the HFD-SO and HFD-MO groups as compared with the NFD group. However, there was no significant difference in these parameters between the NFD and HFD-LO groups. Thus, the protective role of LO on lipid accumulation induced by an HFD rich in saturated fatty acid is potentially mediated by the high content of ɷ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in LO.