Glycemic control, micronutrients and some metabolic enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes

Nsonwu-Anyanwu, Augusta Chinyere; Egbe, Edmund Richard; Offor, Jeremaiah S.; Usoro, Chinyere Adanna Opara

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150827

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…14,45,46,47 In concord with previous findings, 45,48,49 the present study showed that DHF, namely, combinatorial formulations of leaf extracts of A. gangetica + G. latifolium (200 mg/kg body weight), A. gangetica + A. montanus (200 mg/kg body weight) and A. montanus + G. latifolium (200 mg/kg body weight) exhibited relatively high capacities to reverse systemic toxicity engendered by alloxaninduced DM compared with other herbal formulations. Additionally, the outcome of the present study suggested that the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals in the individual leaf extract, 34,35,36,37 effectively obliterated RONS, and thereby arrested tissue necrosis and ameliorated systemic toxicity in alloxan-induced DM rats. Empirical investigations revealed that DM is associated with weight loss in human and animal models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…34,35,36,37 The present study sought to evaluate serum level of activity of the visceral organs toxicity marker enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase) as a measure of the capacities of single and combinatorial herbal formulations of A. montanus, A. gangetica, G. latifolium and S. melongenas to ameliorate systemic toxicity in alloxan-induced DM rats. Additionally, visceral organs and body weights were measured in order to ascertain the beneficial outcomes against organ inflammation or necrosis as well as general body tissue wasting in DM rats following administration of the herbal formulations.…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity and Visceral Organs and Body Weights of Diabetic Rats Administered Single and Combinatorial Herbal Formulations

Chikezie¹,

Ojiako²,

Emejulu³

et al. 2018

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Background and Aim: The present study evaluated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Visceral organs and body weights were used as measures of the capacities of single and combinatorial herbal formulations of Acanthus montanus, Asystasia gangetica, Gongronema latifolium and Solanum melongenas to ameliorate systemic toxicity, visceral organs inflammation or necrosis and body tissues wasting in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. Materials and Methods: Alloxan-induced DM rats with fasting plasma glucose concentration (FPGC) > 5.71 mmol/L for 5 consecutive days were selected for the study. A total of 102 male Wistar rats were divided into seventeen (17) groups of six (6) rats each. Serum LDH activity and body weights and weights of visceral organs and were measured using standard methods. Results: Serum LDH activities of herbal treated rat groups varied within a relatively narrow range of 549.9 ± 12.10 -500.6 ± 12.02 IU/L and were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the untreated DM rat group. The body weights of the experimental rat groups after herbal treatment were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than their corresponding weights before herbal treatment. The ratios of liver weights to body weights were within the range of 0.0293 ± 1.4 x 10 -3 -0.0597 ± 2.3 x 10 -3 . The ratio of kidney weight to body weight of untreated DM rat group was 1.64 fold higher than that of normal rat group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, 200 mg/kg body weight double herbal formulations of A. gangetica + A. montanus and A. gangetica + G. latifolium offered the greatest therapeutic benefits to alloxan-induced DM rats, with respect to all diagnostic parameters considered in the present study. INTRODUCTIONLactate dehydrogenase (LDH: EC 1.1.1.27) is an oxidoreductase and cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction: L-lactate + NAD + ↔ pyruvate + NADH. 1,2 The LDH enzyme is a tetrameric protein and is composed of five possible isoenzymes, designated as LDH -1 -LDH -5 . 1,3 Heart, kidney, brain and erythrocytes are composed of one or two of the five possible isoenzymes of LDH. 4,5 The erythrocyte cells have the highest proportion of LDH -1 and LDH -2 , 4,6 whereas the liver and skeletal muscle has the highest percentage of LDH -5 .3,7 Clinical applications of LDH activity involve quantification of one or more specific serum isoenzymes. 1,6,7,8 Accordingly, mild elevation in serum LDH activity has been reported in cases of haemolytic anemia, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary infarction, hepatitis, nephritic syndrome and cirrhosis. 9,10,11 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is multi-faceted endocrine disorder associated with array of metabolic syndromes such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and impaired nitrogen balance. 12,13 A major detrimental outcome of these metabolic disorders is the generation of overwhelming cellular levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which often results in tissue and organ damage. 12,14,15 Oxidative tissue damage is mediated by activation of cellular stress-sensitive pathways, w...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity and Visceral Organs and Body Weights of Diabetic Rats Administered Single and Combinatorial Herbal Formulations

Chikezie¹,

Ojiako²,

Emejulu³

et al. 2018

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show abstract

“…Moreover, the findings of this study revealed that there is a remarkable elevation in the serum activities of LDH. These results are concordant with particular previous findings [34,35,36]. The increases in the activity of cardiac enzymes such as LDH), in general, can be explained by few theories.…”

Section: Serum Levels Of Cardiac Function Markerssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The increased enzyme activity seen in diabetes can also be due to the effect of insulin on liver and muscle tissues. Muscular and hepatic dysfunctions are frequently correlated with diabetes and, thus, serum enzyme levels derived from liver and muscle may also be contributing to increased LDH activity in diabetes [34].…”

Section: Serum Levels Of Cardiac Function Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Obestatin, Cardiac Markers and Lipid Profile Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Balaky¹,

Kakey

2021

eijs

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The current investigation aimed to test the alterations of the levels of obestatin hormone, lipid profile and cardiac function markers in relation to hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin diabetes mellitus. The study included 118 diabetic subjects (56 males, 62 females) and 60 healthy non-diabetic subjects (30 males, 30 females). Diabetic and healthy subjects were age-matched. Serum levels of obestatin, lipid profile markers including total cholesterol (STC), triglycerides (STG), low and high density lipoproteins (LDL-C and HDL-C), as well as cardiac function markers including, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes were determined in all subjects. The findings revealed a remarkable decrease in the level of serum obestatin in both diabetic males and females with both age ranges (40-59 and 60-80 years). On the other hand, the results showed that serum STC, LDL-C, and STG levels were statistically significantly elevated, while that for HDL-C was significantly decreased in diabetic males and females with both age ranges. Concerning the cardiac markers, the results found out that the levels of CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased in type 2 diabetic males and females with both age ranges. The results suggested that a low concentration of obestatin is a significant risk factor for type 2 DM, with a key role for this hormone in the pathogenesis. Accordingly, altered levels of obestatin could be used as an important indicator for type 2 DM. The current study also suggests a direct relationship between lipid profiles, except for HDL, the decreased obestatin level, the increased cardiac function markers, and hyperglycemic status in type 2 DM.

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“…According to [15], [17], [19], [20], the level of Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K) and Vitamin D among DM subjects reduced. Reference [34], reports that Mg regulates blood sugar levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Micronutrients Affects Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review

Kiprotich

Yegon

Walekhwa

2021

EJMED

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Currently, 463 million adults across the globe are living with diabetes. If undeterred, this figure is projected to rise to 700 million by 2045. About 79% of adult diabetics live in Africa; majority of whom are undiagnosed. Several interventions are already available, but the disease prevalence seems steady on an upward trajectory. The economic cost of managing diabetes is overwhelming considering that type II cases have overly and audaciously continues to rise. This underpins the need for exploration of more feasible and relatively inexpensive interventions. We profiled the role of micronutrients in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Findings from 10 studies published in highly refereed journals and indexed in Research Gate, PubMed, and Elsevier were synthesized, collated, and reported. Guidelines such as year of publication, conflict of interest, type of journal, research design among others, informed the process of study selection. The level of Selenium (Se) and Copper (Cu) was higher when HBA1C was higher. Further, the level of Mg, P, K, & Vitamin D correlated inversely with HBA1C. Some studies reported increased levels of Zinc (Zn) in DM subjects while others reported a decrease. Diabetes mellitus subjects should reduce intake of Se and Cu and increase intake of Mg, P, K, & Vitamin D.

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Glycemic control, micronutrients and some metabolic enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity and Visceral Organs and Body Weights of Diabetic Rats Administered Single and Combinatorial Herbal Formulations

Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity and Visceral Organs and Body Weights of Diabetic Rats Administered Single and Combinatorial Herbal Formulations

Alterations of Obestatin, Cardiac Markers and Lipid Profile Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Level of Micronutrients Affects Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review

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