Glutathione S-transferase variants as risk factor for essential hypertension in Italian patients

Abstract

Involvement of genetic polymorphisms in arterial hypertension has already been reported, including GST genes, with contrasting results. The present research evaluates the possible association between GST gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) in an Italian population sample. 193 hypertensive subjects and 210 healthy controls were recruited. Buccal cells were collected from each subject using an oral swab and DNA was extracted using the phenol:chloroform:isoamilic alcohol method. GST SNPs were determined using the PCR-RFLP method, while GST null polymorphisms were determined using a Multiplex PCR. Among GST polymorphisms, only the frequency of the GSTT1 null phenotype was significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in normotensive participants. GSTT1 null individuals were significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension [P < 0.001; adjusted OR 2.24 (1.43-3.50)]. In sex-based analysis, the risk was significantly higher in female hypertensives [P < 0.001; adjusted OR 3.25 (1.78-5.95)] but not in male subjects. This study analyzed all GST gene that, in other research, have been studied in relation to arterial hypertension and the GSTO polymorphisms, showing an association only with GSTT1. The results for the GSTO genes represent the first analysis of this GST class in relation to blood pressure regulation. The association between the GSTT1 null phenotype and EH was confirmed in the overall population and in women, but not in men. These data suggest that GSTT1 could be a sex-specific candidate gene for EH.

Glutathione S-transferase genes and the risk of recurrent miscarriage in Italian women

“…The case and control groups were similar with respect to age and smoking habits (P>.05). All genotype frequencies in our controls were within the ranges reported previously in Italy (23). The genotype frequencies of GST SNPs (GSTA1*-69C/T, GSTP1*I105V, GSTO2*N142D) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patient and control cohorts (P>.05).…”

“…DNA from buccal cells was obtained using the phenol:chloroform:isoamilic alcohol method. GSTA1*-69C/T, GSTM1 positive/null, GSTO2*N142D, GSTP1*I105V, and GSTT1 positive/null genotypes were detected as described elsewhere (23). To ensure reliability of the results, approximately 15% of the samples were randomly selected and analyzed independently: in all cases, the outcome was concordant.…”

Glutathione S-transferase A1 polymorphism and the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese Han population

“…To determine the polymorphism of the GSTA1 −69C/T, the resulting 899 bp fragment was digested with the restriction enzyme EarI(Fermentas, EU) [16]. The genotypes were defined by the different electrophoretic bands.…”

GSTM1 null genotype as risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Italian patients

“…These enzymes are involved in metabolic detoxification of reactive electrophiles, in biosynthesis of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, testosterone, and progesterone, and in the degradation of tyrosine [17,18]. Over the last two decades, a significant body of data has been accumulated linking genetic variability of GSTs with the development and expression of several multifactorial diseases [19][20][21]. To date some studies have been conducted on GST gene variability in AD [12,13,[22][23][24][25].…”