Glutathione Content Detection of Single Cells under Ingested Doxorubicin by Functionalized Glass Nanopores

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) level in cells maintains redox homeostasis, so the detection of intracellular GSH is crucial for many pathological processes. In the present study, we developed a cystaminefunctionalized glass nanopore (cG-nanopore) for the specific detection of GSH in single cells through the Michael addition reaction between the amino group of cystamine and polydopamine adhered to the inner wall of the glass nanopore. The cellular GSH will cleave the disulfide bond of cystamine and induce a negative charge increase on the residual surface of the modified nanopore, thus producing a sensitive response on the current−voltage curves. The developed sensing platform showed a good response relationship with the GSH concentration and an excellent selectivity against interfering substances in cells. The variation of GSH content in single HeLa and H8 cells incubated with DOX was then further quantified by this method.

A red-emission fluorescence probe based on 1,4-addition reaction mechanism for the detection of biothiols in vitro and in vivo

“…[11][12][13] Compared with the first two kinds of biothiols, GSH is the most abundant intracellular nonprotein thiol in vivo (1-10 mM). 14 As the significance of these biothiols, it is highly demanded to develop robust bioanalytical methods to detect and monitor biothiols in biological samples for further understanding the functionality and potential use in clinical diagnosis of these species.…”

High-Efficient Electrochemiluminescence of Au Nanoclusters Induced by the Electrosensitizer Cu2O: The Mechanism Insights from the Electrogenerated Process

“…Thus, the Au NCs/Cu 2 O heterostructure exhibited the greatest ECL efficiency of up to 63.8% in the presence of the coreactant triethylamine (TEA), which was greatly higher than that of pure Au NCs (2.7%) versus the standard [Ru­(bpy) 3 ] 2+ . As a proof of concept, a feasible ECL biosensor was fabricated on the basis of the efficient Au NCs/Cu 2 O heterostructure for the ultrasensitive determination of glutathione (GSH), which was associated with severe neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. , This strategy not only sheds light on intricate electron-transfer paths in the electrogenerated process but also opens up new horizons for the rational development of high ECL efficiency metal NCs.…”

“…As a proof of concept, a feasible ECL biosensor was fabricated on the basis of the efficient Au NCs/Cu 2 O heterostructure for the ultrasensitive determination of glutathione (GSH), which was associated with severe neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 19,20 This strategy not only sheds light on intricate electron-transfer paths in the electrogenerated process but also opens up new horizons for the rational development of high ECL efficiency metal NCs. The energy levels of Au NCs and the Cu 2 O semiconductor were evaluated by optical and electrochemical measurements.…”

Nanopore Detection of Cancer Biomarkers: A Challenge to Science

“… 35 Interestingly, nanopore sensing eradicated the analytical mishandling of GSH by direct insertion of glass nanopore into single cancer cell. 36 Moreover, exosomes and their miRNA have also been receiving attention as cancer biomarkers and detected by nanopore in real time from cancer cells. 37 , 38 Research shows that cancer can be screened 4 years earlier before the symptoms of cancer arise.…”

“…Thus, we believe that nanopore sensing is the rapidly growing field owing to its simple, rapid, noninvasive, and ultra-sensitive detection skills; therefore it can overcome various flaws of the present techniques in not only diagnosing cancer at early stages but in monitoring anticancer drug resistance also. 36 We anticipate that nanopore sensing can upgrade the cancer screening and diagnosis to the next level if the strategy given below is followed: (1) selection of an appropriate set of biomarkers, (2) accurate nanopore detection of biomarkers, and then (3) a meticulous treatment plan should be set on individual patient's need. This manoeuver will dramatically ameliorate the advancement in personalized medicine and hence goal to defeat cancer can be accomplished.…”