“…Applying LBL 51 and PIC 9,10,36 membranes to the bio-sensing systems obviates this problem by decreasing the interfering current, and thereby lowering the detection limit of analytes by improving the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). On this basis, we have developed biosensors for glucose, 9,45,52 ethanol, 53 L-lactate, 36,44,54 L-glutamate, 55,56 pyruvate, 57 NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), 58 acetylcholine, 59 L-amino acids, 60 and D-amino acids 61 by immobilizing the respective oxidases on PIC membranes.…”