Glacial and interglacial refugia within a long-term rainforest refugium: The Wet Tropics Bioregion of NE Queensland, Australia

Hilbert, David W.; Graham, Andrew W.; Hopkins, M. S.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.020

Cited by 58 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The climatic oscillations of the Late Quaternary, with greatly reduced temperature and rainfall at the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM, 18 thousand years before present, 18 Kya), followed by a permissive cool-wet phase in the Early Holocene (8-7.5 Kya) and then a warm-wet phase (5-3.5 Kya) prior to the establishment of current conditions ( Kershaw & Nix 1988), had profound effects on the distribution of rainforests and of rainforest-dependent fauna in the Wet Tropics ( Williams & Pearson 1997;Graham et al 2006). Retraction of Wet Tropics rainforest to refugia during restrictive climates, the LGM in particular, is supported by evidence from palynology ( Kershaw 1994;Kershaw et al 2005), phytogeography ( Webb & Tracey 1981) and also by spatial modelling of rainforests under varying climates ( Nix 1991;Graham et al 2006;Hilbert et al 2007;VanDerWal et al 2008). Predicted Late Quaternary refugia (figure 1b) vary in spatial scale and connectivity, with a major disjunction centred on the Black Mountain Corridor ( BMC) that separates multiple small refugia in the north from a major refugial area along and adjacent to the escarpment of the Moussalli et al (in press) central Wet Tropics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification and dynamics of a cryptic suture zone in tropical rainforest

et al. 2009

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Suture zones, shared regions of secondary contact between long-isolated lineages, are natural laboratories for studying divergence and speciation. For tropical rainforest, the existence of suture zones and their significance for speciation has been controversial. Using comparative phylogeographic evidence, we locate a morphologically cryptic suture zone in the Australian Wet Tropics rainforest. Fourteen out of 18 contacts involve morphologically cryptic phylogeographic lineages, with mtDNA sequence divergences ranging from 2 to 15 per cent. Contact zones are significantly clustered in a suture zone located between two major Quaternary refugia. Within this area, there is a trend for secondary contacts to occur in regions with low environmental suitability relative to both adjacent refugia and, by inference, the parental lineages. The extent and form of reproductive isolation among interacting lineages varies across species, ranging from random admixture to speciation, in one case via reinforcement. Comparative phylogeographic studies, combined with environmental analysis at a fine-scale and across varying climates, can generate new insights into suture zone formation and to diversification processes in species-rich tropical rainforests. As arenas for evolutionary experimentation, suture zones merit special attention for conservation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification and dynamics of a cryptic suture zone in tropical rainforest

et al. 2009

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“…The timing of the bottleneck in the Wet Tropics cannot be determined as we are unable to estimate effective population size. However, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions (Hopkins et al 1993;Graham et al 2006;Hilbert et al 2007;Kershaw et al 2007;VanDerWal et al 2009) show that rainforest in the Wet Tropics Region was severely reduced through the last glacial cycle, and recovered to approach its pre-European extent in the early Holocene. Habitat contraction provides a potential cause for the decreased populations suggested by Bottleneck.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional genetic differentiation in the spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus Gould)

Fox¹,

Waycott²,

Blair³

et al. 2012

Peopled Landscapes: Archaeological and Biogeographic Approaches to Landscapes

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“…B. Major preclearing vegetation types (modified from (Neldner et al, 2014) with inset showing rainforest extent during the LGM (light green) and PHT (dark green; includes LGM area) (modified from Hilbert et al, 2007 .5. Timing of alluvial aggradation and incision as indicated by SPDF based on OSL ages of overbank sediments from A. terraces and floodplain (n=32).…”

Section: Declaration By Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wet Tropics is dominated by rainforest with subdominant sclerophyll open forests and woodlands in drier locations (Neldner et al, 2014) (Figure 6.2B). The dynamic nature of changes in rainforest and woodland extent throughout the late Quaternary is well documented, with rainforest retreating to refugia during drier times and expanding during wetter times (Kershaw, 1978;Hopkins et al, 1990;Moss and Kershaw, 2000;Haberle, 2005;Hilbert et al, 2007). These dynamics were possibly also influenced by Aboriginal burning practices (Kershaw, 1986;Haberle, 2005).…”

Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dynamics were possibly also influenced by Aboriginal burning practices (Kershaw, 1986;Haberle, 2005). Modelling of vegetation dynamics reveals minimum rainforest extent occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (18-21 ka) with refugia restricted to the highest peaks and ranges and some coastal valleys (Figure 6.2B) (Hilbert et al, 2007). Maximum rainforest extents occurred during the PleistoceneHolocene transition (PHT) (18-12 ka), when rainforest became relatively continuous across the Wet…”

Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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River response and climate change in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland Australia

Hughes¹

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An improved understanding of the relationship between climate change and river response is critical for predicting future trajectories of fluvial landforms. This is particularly important with climate change projections showing an increase in extreme events such as floods and cyclones. In Australia and internationally, a valuable record of river response has been developed from the morphologic and sedimentologic archives of river terraces and floodplains, mainly in temperate regions. These studies reveal the key role of climate over timescales ranging from 100 kyr glacial/interglacial cycles through to decadal cycles driven by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the understanding of fluvial records in the humid (wet) tropics is comparatively poor despite these regions being geomorphic hotspots for catastrophic change. The relevance of key geomorphic concepts to wet tropical rivers is largely unknown and therefore the knowledge gained from studying these settings is invaluable. The overarching aim of this thesis is to characterise the nature of regional river response and its relationship to climatic change in the Wet Tropics of tropical northeast Queensland, Australia. Chapters 2 to 6 explore the various aspects of this research question and an overall synthesis of the thesis key findings and future research priorities is presented in Chapter 7.Chapter 2 presents the research on terrace distribution and chronostratigraphic characteristics to provide the overall spatial context of river landforms across five catchments. Two terraces are correlated and mapped across the study area, while the terrace chronology details two periods of aggradation-incision that post-date the Last Glacial Maximum. Explanations for spatial differences in terrace preservation are explored using a range of catchment force-resistance variables with the results underpinning a new conceptual model of terrace types and preservation processes. Author A. Sharma Data collection (sediment dating data in Table 3) (10%).v i i Contributions by others to the thesisChapter 2: Hughes, K., Croke, J., Bartley, R., Thompson, C., Sharma, A.Alluvial terrace preservation in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland, Australia. KH was responsible for 70% of conception and design, 90% of data collection, 80% of data analysis and interpretation, and 60% of writing and editing. JC was responsible for 30% of conception and design, 20% of data analysis and interpretation, and 20% of writing and editing. RB was responsible for 10% of writing and editing. CT was responsible for 10% of data analysis and interpretation and 10% of writing and editing. AS was responsible for 10% of data collection.Chapter 3: Hughes, K., Croke, J., Thompson, C., Sharma, A., K. Tilly.KH was responsible for 70% of conception and design, 90% of data collection, 80% of data analysis and interpretation, and 75% of writing and editing. JC was responsible for 30% of conception and design, 10% of data analysis and interpretation, and 20% of writing and editing. CT was respon...

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Glacial and interglacial refugia within a long-term rainforest refugium: The Wet Tropics Bioregion of NE Queensland, Australia

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

Identification and dynamics of a cryptic suture zone in tropical rainforest

Identification and dynamics of a cryptic suture zone in tropical rainforest

Regional genetic differentiation in the spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus Gould)

River response and climate change in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland Australia

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