Giving Back: A mixed methods study of the contributions of US-Based Nigerian physicians to home country health systems

Nwadiuko, Joseph; James, Kathy; Switzer, Galen E.

doi:10.1186/s12992-016-0165-9

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Government efforts to provide better healthcare services are yet to be realised [5]. With the globalisation of healthcare, many patients from developed countries in Asia are travelling to Thailand, India and Malaysia for obtaining 'first world treatment at third world prices' [1,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Patients from developed and developing countries compare worldwide healthcare service quality, waiting times, cost, post-surgery care, and search for value in healthcare, relative to their own countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Quality of Bangladesh and Outbound Medical Travel to Thailand

Ali¹,

Medhekar²

2018

EoR

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Quality of Bangladesh and Outbound Medical Travel to Thailand

Ali¹,

Medhekar²

2018

EoR

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“…The level of contribution of each medical diaspora organization or individual varies. For instance, while Abdalla et al (2016) reported that the effectiveness of the Sudanese medial diaspora was “small magnitude, infrequent and not well organized [14],” Nwadiuko et al (2016) concluded that U.S.-based Nigerian physicians’ strong belief in effectiveness of Nigerian medical agencies would contribute to medical service trips to Nigeria [15]. In another instance, Wojczewski et al (2015) have shown that African medical doctors who left their home countries as refugees cannot engage in any form of return initiatives, either short or long-term [13].…”

Section: Common Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical diaspora: an underused entity in low- and middle-income countries’ health system development

2019

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Background At present, over 215 million people live outside their countries of birth, many of which are referred to as diaspora—those that live in host countries but maintain strong sentimental and material links with their countries of origin, their homelands. The critical shortage of Human Resources for Health (HRH) in many developing countries remains a barrier to attaining their health system goals. Usage of medical diaspora can be one way to meet this need. A growing number of policy-makers have come to acknowledge that medical diaspora can play a vital role in the development of their homeland’s health workforce capacity. To date, no inventory of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) medical diaspora organizations has been done. This paper intends to develop an inventory that is as complete as possible, of the names of the LMIC medical diaspora organizations in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia and addresses their interests and roles in building the health system of their country of origin. Methods The researchers utilized six steps for their research methodology: (1) development of rationale for choosing the four destination countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia); (2) identification of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); (3) web search for the name of LMIC medical diaspora organization in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia through the search engines of PubMed, Scopus, Google, Google Scholar, and LexisNexis; (4) development of inclusion and exclusion criteria and creation of a medical diaspora organizations’ inventory list (Table 1) and corresponding maps (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Using decision criteria, reviewers narrowed the number to a final 89 organizations; (5) synthesis of information to collect the general as well as the unique roles the medical diaspora organizations play in building health systems; and (6) developing inventory of respective LMIC governments’ diaspora offices (Table 2) to identify units/departments that facilitate diaspora’s work. Result In total, the authors found 89 medical diaspora organizations in 4 main countries: in the United States of America 60, in the United Kingdom 24, in Australia 3, and in Canada 2. These medical diaspora organizations tend to have three focuses: providing healthcare services, training, and when needed humanitarian aid to their home country; creating a social or professional network of migrant physicians (i.e., simply to bring together people with an ethnic and professional commonality) and; supplying improved and culturally sensitive healthcare to the migrant population within the host country. Sixty-eight LMIC countries have established a diaspora office within their government office. It is also equally important to note that many policy-makers may lack knowledge of models for medical diaspora engagement or of valuable lessons learned by other governme...

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“…Research is needed to identify strategies that help LMICs retain physicians to serve their populations and train others. Physicians from LMICs who emigrate to HICs often engage in organizing charitable donations, arranging medical missions, assisting with training, as well as helping develop clinical and research programmes. IMPs are encouraged to include these physicians, who possess cultural and language skills, and reconnect them with the healthcare system of their country of origin.…”

Section: The Hic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Training and accrediting international surgeons

Stawicki

Nwomeh

Peck

et al. 2019

British Journal of Surgery

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Background Formal international medical programmes (IMPs) represent an evolution away from traditional medical volunteerism, and are based on the foundation of bidirectional exchange of knowledge, experience and organizational expertise. The intent is to develop multidirectional collaborations and local capacity that is resilient in the face of limited resources. Training and accreditation of surgeons continues to be a challenge to IMPs, including the need for mutual recognition of competencies and professional certification. Methods MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar™ were searched using the following terms, alone and in combination: ‘credentialing’, ‘education’, ‘global surgery’, ‘international medicine’, ‘international surgery’ and ‘training’. Secondary references cited by original sources were also included. The authors, all members of the American College of Academic International Medicine group, agreed advice on training and accreditation of international surgeons. Results and conclusion The following are key elements of training and accrediting international surgeons: basic framework built upon a bidirectional approach; consideration of both high‐income and low‐ and middle‐income country perspectives; sourcing funding from current sources based on existing IMPs and networks of IMPs; emphasis on predetermined cultural competencies and a common set of core surgical skills; a decentralized global system for verification and mutual recognition of medical training and certification. The global medical system of the future will require the assurance of high standards for surgical education, training and accreditation.

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Giving Back: A mixed methods study of the contributions of US-Based Nigerian physicians to home country health systems

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Healthcare Quality of Bangladesh and Outbound Medical Travel to Thailand

Healthcare Quality of Bangladesh and Outbound Medical Travel to Thailand

Medical diaspora: an underused entity in low- and middle-income countries’ health system development

Training and accrediting international surgeons

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