Ginsenoside Re and Rd Enhance the Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Neuronal Differentiation in Neuro-2a Cells

Kim, Min Soo; Yu, Jung Min; Kim, Hee Jung; Kim, Hae Bok; Kim, Seung Tae; Jang, Sung Kyu; Choi, Young Wook; Lee, Do Ik; Joo, Seong Soo

doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00011

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…). AβO induces cognitive impairment on the NORT and impairs amygdala–hippocampal complex memory on the PAT (Kim et al, , b). Moreover, we investigated the association between memory impairment and AβO toxicity by estimating mouse hippocampal cell damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Ginseng Protects Mouse Hippocampal Cells Against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Toxicity

et al. 2017

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Amyloid-beta oligomer (AβO) is a soluble oligomer form of the Aβ peptide and the most potent amyloid-beta form that induces neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the effect of dried white ginseng extract (WGE) on neuronal cell damage and memory impairment in intrahippocampal AβO (10 μM)-injected mice. Mice were treated with WGE (100 and 500 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 12 days after surgery. WGE improved memory impairment by inhibiting hippocampal cell death caused by AβO. In addition, AβO-injected mice treated with WGE showed restoration of reduced synaptophysin and choline acetyltransferase intensity and lower levels of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the hippocampus compared with those of vehicle-treated controls. These results suggest that WGE reverses memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease by attenuating neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in the AβO-injected mouse hippocampus. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soluble Aβ 1–42 oligomers (AβO 1–42 ) were generated as the previously described method (Kim et al, , b). Briefly, monomeric Aβ 1–42 was dissolved in HFIP to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL at room temperature for 3 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Ginseng Protects Mouse Hippocampal Cells Against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Toxicity

et al. 2017

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“…Ginsenoside Rg5 has been shown to improve cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation and modulate both AChE and ChAT activity in brain cortex [72]. Other ginsenosides, Re and Rd, are also shown to enhance ChAT and vascular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) to increase the Ach level in neuro-21 cells [73]. …”

Section: Effects On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role of Ginseng and Its Constituents in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

Rokot

Kairupan

Cheng

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Ginseng, a perennial plant belonging to the Panax genus of the Araliaceae family, has been used in China, Korea, and Japan as a traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. Ginseng is recorded to have exhibited a wide variety of beneficial pharmacological effects and has become a popular and worldwide known health supplement and drug. The protective effects of ginseng on central nervous system are discussed in this review. Ginseng species and ginsenosides and their intestinal metabolism and bioavailability are concisely introduced. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of ginseng on central nervous system, mainly focused on the neuroprotection properties of ginseng, memory, and learning enhanced properties, and the effects on neurodegenerative disorders are presented. Thus, ginseng and its constituents are of potential merits in the treatment of cerebral disorders.

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“…Ginseng and ginsenosides have been confirmed of their remarkable effects on dysfunctions of central nervous system (CNS). Ginsenoside Rg1 (Figure 1), is involved in a variety of central nervous system activities, including improving the cholinergic nervous system lesions [2], promoting nerve regeneration [3,4], enhancing the neural plasticity, and so on [5,6]. In addition, the activities of Rg1 mentioned above were most showed in hippocampus (HIP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) [7,8], which were possible target regions of Rg1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 in rat medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and lateral ventricle after subcutaneous administration

Xue

Liu

Wei

et al. 2016

Journal of Asian Natural Products Research

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The present study aimed to investigate pharmacokinetics of Rg1 in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HIP), and lateral ventricle (LV) after subcutaneous injection. For the first time, intracerebral pharmacokinetics of Rg1 was studied in freely moving rats by microdialysis technique. Rg1 concentrations in dialysates were detected by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and were revised using in vivo probe-recovery in HIP and LV. The pharmacokinetic parameters were then determined using non-compartmental models. Since the in vivo recoveries remained stable in HIP and LV during 9 h dialysis, average recoveries were used to revise dialysate concentrations. After dosing, Rg1 was soon detected in brain extracellular fluid (bECF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The elimination of Rg1 was significantly slower in mPFC than in HIP and LV, and significantly greater AUC was obtained in mPFC than in HIP. Rg1 kinetics in bECF and CSF indicate that Rg1 can go across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and then immediately distribute to learning and memory-related regions in brain, which may lead to rapid pharmacological onset. There may be active transport and target-mediated disposition of Rg1 in the CNS, which need to be further clarified.

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Ginsenoside Re and Rd Enhance the Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Neuronal Differentiation in Neuro-2a Cells

Cited by 52 publications

References 38 publications

White Ginseng Protects Mouse Hippocampal Cells Against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Toxicity

White Ginseng Protects Mouse Hippocampal Cells Against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Toxicity

A Role of Ginseng and Its Constituents in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

Pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 in rat medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and lateral ventricle after subcutaneous administration

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