A Role of Ginseng and Its Constituents in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

Rokot, Natasya Trivena; Kairupan, Timothy Sean; Cheng, Kai‐Chun; Runtuwene, Joshua; Kapantow, Nova H.; Amitani, Marie; Morinaga, Akinori; Amitani, Haruka; Asakawa, Akihiro; Inui, Akio

doi:10.1155/2016/2614742

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It could also improve scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale with similar mortality and adverse event rates when compared with placebo (Liu et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2012). Ginsenoside-Rb1 (G-Rb1) (the chemical structure is shown in Figure 1) is regarded as the major active ingredient (Lee et al, 2015), which has been proven to cause a wide range of biological activities, especially in regards to its neuroprotective role, probably through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antiapoptosis, anti-stress and anti-depressive effects in vivo and in vitro (Kim, 2012;Kim et al, 2013;Ong et al, 2015;Rokot et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Shi

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, while pharmacological therapy options are limited. Ginsenosides are the major bioactive compounds in Ginseng and have been found to have various pharmacological effects in the nervous system. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the effects of Ginsenoside-Rb1 (G-Rb1), an important ingredient of ginsenosides, and the probable neuroprotective mechanisms in experimental ischemic strokes. Methods: Studies of G-Rb1 on ischemic stroke animal models were identified from 7 databases. No clinical trials were included in the analysis. The primary outcome measures were neurological function scores, infarct volume, evans blue content and/or brain water content (BWC). The second outcome measures were the possible neuroprotective mechanisms. All the data were analyzed by Rev Man 5.3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Shi

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Ginseng is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax and family Aralliaceae [ 1 ]. The word Panax means “all-healing” in Greek based on a view that ginseng is influential in healing all kinds of disease [ 2 ]. Among the different species of ginseng, the most commonly investigated species are Panax ginseng (frequently called as just ginseng or Korean ginseng), P. quinquefolius (also known as American ginseng) and P. notoginseng (also known as Chinese ginseng or Sanchi) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ginseng roots, stems and leaves have been used in traditional herbal medicine for over 2000 years [ 4 ]. Ginseng and its active components have exhibited a wide range of characteristics, including antioxidant, antiaging, antifatigue, adaptogenic, restorative, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer and antidiabetic [ 2 , 4 ]. In addition, in models of neurological disorders, the active components of ginseng showed anti-depressive, antistress, antiepileptic and antipsychotic activities [ 5 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active ginseng components in cognitive impairment: Therapeutic potential and prospects for delivery and clinical study

et al. 2018

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Cognitive impairment is a state that affects thinking, communication, understanding, and memory, and is very common in various neurological disorders. Among many factors, age-related cognitive decline is an important area in mental health research. Research to find therapeutic medications or supplements to treat cognitive deficits and maintain cognitive health has been ongoing. Ginseng and its active components may have played a role in treating chronic disorders. Numerous preclinical studies have confirmed that ginseng and its active components such as ginsenosides, gintonin, and compound K are pharmacologically efficacious in different models of and are linked to cognitive impairment. Among their several roles, they act as an anti-neuroinflammatory and help fight against oxidative stress and modulate the cholinergic signal. These roles may be involved in enhancing cognition and attenuating impairment. There have been some clinical studies on the activity of ginseng in cognitive impairment, but many ginseng species and active compounds remain to be investigated. In addition, new formulations of active ginseng components such as nanoparticles and liposomes could be used for preclinical and clinical models of cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the therapeutic potential of active ginseng components in cognitive impairment and their chemistry and pharmacokinetics and consider prospects for their delivery and clinical study with respect to cognitive impairment.

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“…Experimental evidence has suggested that it can improve neurotransmission in the brain as an important pharmacological effect of PG ( 16 , 17 ). Ginseng and its constituents are known to have beneficial effects on cognitive performance, memory, and neurodegenerative disease ( 18 ). A number of previous studies have focused on the effects of ginseng on central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract on the offspring of adult mice with maternal immune activation

Kim

Won

et al. 2018

Mol Med Report

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To understand maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal development, the synthetic double-stranded RNA polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] has been widely used in animal models to induce behavioral deficits similar to those in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) extract is widely used to treat various kinds of nervous system disorders in Asia particularly China and Korea. The present study aimed to examine the effects of PG extract on MIA offspring using behavioral activity tests and protein expression analyses. Pregnant mice were exposed to poly(I:C) (5 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment on gestation day 9, and the resulting MIA offspring were subjected to vehicle or PG (300 mg/kg) treatment. In the acoustic startle response test, MIA-induced sensorimotor gating deficit was ameliorated by PG. The majority of behavioral parameters measured in the social interaction (non-aggressive or/and aggressive pattern), open field (number/duration of behavior) and forced swimming test (immobility behavior) were significantly altered in the MIA offspring. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the medial prefrontal cortex indicated that the expression levels of certain neurodevelopmental proteins, including dihydropyrimidinase-related 2, LIM and SH3 domain 1, neurofilament medium, and discs large homolog 4, were decreased in the untreated MIA offspring, whereas PG treatment improved behavioral impairments and increased neurodevelopmental protein expression in MIA offspring. These results suggested that PG may be useful in neurodevelopmental disorder therapy, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, owing to its antipsychotic effects.

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A Role of Ginseng and Its Constituents in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

Cited by 54 publications

References 83 publications

Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Active ginseng components in cognitive impairment: Therapeutic potential and prospects for delivery and clinical study

Effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract on the offspring of adult mice with maternal immune activation

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