Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Shi, Yonghong; Li, Yan; Wang, Yong; Xu, Zhen; Fu, Huan; 鄭, 国慶

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00285

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Rb1 administered on 7 consecutive days in advance significantly alleviated the LPS induced neuronal loss and improved the motor functions in LPS mice. These results not only confirm our presumption as mentioned above, but they also shed light on the findings that Rb1 improves learning and memory, as well as the sensorimotor system, in several other studies [27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neural damage in the brain of mice via regulating the dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience

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The purpose of our research was to evaluate whether ginsenoside Rb1 has neuroprotective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced brain injury. ICR mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 20 or 40 mg/kg Rb1 or saline for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, 30 minutes after Rb1 or saline administration, a single dose of LPS (LPS group, Rb1+LPS group) or saline (control group) was injected i.p. into the mice. Results demonstrated that Rb1 treatment could significantly improve the behavior performance of LPS mice in both the open field test and the beam walking test. Rb1 can also markedly attenuate the neuronal lesion in both hippocampus and somatosensory cortex in the brain of LPS mice. In addition, Rb1 treatment also significantly inhibits the LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the brain, indicated by reduced reactive microglia and decreased IL-1β production. Both immunostaining and western blot results suggest that Rb1 can further enhance the LPS-induced GLT-1 expression and alleviate LPS-induced GS reduction in the brain. Our findings show that Rb1 has a protective effect on LPS-induced neuronal damage in the CA1 of the hippocampus and in the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex in mice, which is likely to be the basis for its improvement of locomotor and motor coordination. Rb1 regulating the function of astrocytes and microglia through GLT-1 and GS in astrocytes may be involved in its neuroprotective effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neural damage in the brain of mice via regulating the dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience

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“…Most importantly, Rb1 is the key component for neuroprotection with a recent finding suggesting a greater neuroprotective activity for Rb1 when administered intranasally [ 37 ]. A recent review on analysis of preclinical evidence of Rb1 highlighted that its neuroprotective effect was mainly through attenuating brain water content, promoting the bioactivity of neurogenesis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects with enhanced cerebral circulation and energy supplementation [ 38 ]. In a study dealing with anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects, Cheng et al [ 39 ] demonstrated the potential of Rb1 and Rg1 to attenuate the neurogenerative disorders by increasing neural plasticity and proliferation/differentiation of neural progenitor cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus of normal adult mice and global ischemia model in gerbils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Analysis of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Root Residue by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS

et al. 2022

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Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), a popular herbal and nutritional supplement consumed worldwide, has been demonstrated to possess vital biological activities, which can be attributed to the presence of ginsenosides. However, the presence of ginsenosides in ginseng root residue, a by-product obtained during processing of ginseng beverage, remains unexplored. The objectives of this study were to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) and an ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS) method for the comparison of ginsenoside analysis in ginseng root residue. Results showed that by employing a Supelco Ascentis Express C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm ID, particle size 2.7 μm) and a gradient mobile phase of deionized water and acetonitrile with a flow rate at 1 mL/min and detection at 205 nm, a total of 10 ginsenosides, including internal standard saikosaponin A, were separated within 18 min and detected by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Whereas with UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS, all the 10 ginsenosides were separated within six minutes by using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm ID, particle size 1.7 μm, 130 Å) and a gradient mobile phase of ammonium acetate and acetonitrile with column temperature at 50 °C, flow rate at 0.4 mL/min and detection by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. High accuracy and precision was shown, with limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranging from 0.2–1.9 μg/g for HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and 0.269–6.640 ng/g for UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS. The contents of nine ginsenosides in the ginseng root residue ranged from <LOQ-26.39 mg/g by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and <LOQ-21.25 mg/g by UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS, with a total amount of 38.37 and 34.71 mg/g, respectively.

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“…In addition to the main mechanisms described above, ginsenosides can also ameliorate cerebral ischemic injury by enhancing neurogenesis and regulating Ca 2+ influx into neurons (Shi et al, 2020; Xie et al, 2018). Ginsenoside Rb1 could improve functional recovery after stroke by stimulating axonal regeneration and brain repair.…”

Section: Pharmacological Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenosides in central nervous system diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics

Xian

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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The nervous system is one of the most complex physiological systems, and central nervous system diseases (CNSDs) are serious diseases that affect human health. Ginseng (Panax L.), the root of Panax species, are famous Chinese herbs that have been used for various diseases in China, Japan, and Korea since ancient times, and remain a popular natural medicine used worldwide in modern times. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that ginsenosides can prevent CNSDs, including neurodegenerative diseases, memory and cognitive impairment, cerebral ischemia injury, depression, brain glioma, multiple sclerosis, which has been confirmed in numerous studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential pathways by which ginsenosides affect the pathogenesis of CNSDs mainly including antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and nerve protection, which provides novel ideas for the treatment of CNSDs.

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Ginsenoside-Rb1 for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Cited by 24 publications

References 101 publications

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neural damage in the brain of mice via regulating the dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neural damage in the brain of mice via regulating the dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes

A Comparative Study on Analysis of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Root Residue by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS

Ginsenosides in central nervous system diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics

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