Giant Encephalocele in Sokoto, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review of Operated Cases

Bot, Gyang Markus; Ismail, Nasiru Jinjiri; Mahmud, Muhammad Raji; Hassan, Iffat; Lasseini, Ali; Shilong, Danaan J.; Obande, JO; Usman, Babagana; Houlihan, Lena Mary; Preul, Mark C.; Shehu, BB

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.061

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The notion of the presence of geographical variation between the countries was supported by the previous studies. [6][7][8] The variation in different publication years of the different studies was noted using time trend analysis. The highest peak of encephalocele in prevalence was seen in 1992, 2007, 2014-2015 and 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encephalomyelocele is a type of encephalocele that contains tissue from the brain and spinal cord. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Anatomically, encephalocele can be classified into sincipital (nasoorbital, frontoethmoidal, nasofrontal, interfrontal, nasoethmoidal, craniofacial cleft), basal (sphenoorbital, sphenomaxillary, intranasal, spenopharyngeal), convexity (sagittal, occipital, occipitocervical, parietal) and atretic. 8 10 11 Evidence suggests that an encephalocele is a form of postneurulation defect distinct from closure-related neural tube defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth prevalence of encephalocele in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Oumer

Kassahun

2021

bmjpo

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ObjectiveTo identify the birth prevalence of encephalocele in Africa, 2020.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search of the following databases (PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Library, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Journals Online and Embase), using search terms (prevalence, encephalocele, “neural tube defects”, “cranium bifidum”, “congenital malformations”, “congenital defects”, “structural birth defects”, “structural abnormalities”, newborns/neonates/ “live births”/ “stillbirths” and their MeSH Terms) up to 16 July 2021. The JBI quality appraisal checklist was used to assess the quality of studies when they were abstracted using a standardised data extraction template. The I2 statistic and Cochrane Q test were used to examine heterogeneity across studies statistically. The prevalence of encephalocele was estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis model. Subgroup, sensitivity, meta-regression and time trend analysis were carried out. The publication bias was checked using Egger and Begg’s tests.ResultsTwenty-seven relevant studies were identified and provided a total of 5 107 109 births. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled birth prevalence of encephalocele in Africa was 0.02% (or 2 per 10 000 births) (95% CI 0.02% to 0.03%). The overall prevalence of birth encephalocele using the median from studies was 0.02% (IQR=0.01%–0.04%). Higher prevalence of encephalocele was detected in Nigeria 0.06% (95% CI 0.04% to 0.08%), Sudan 0.04% (95% CI 0.03% to 0.05%), Egypt 0.04% (95% CI 0.04% to 0.05%), DR of Congo 0.02% (95% CI 0.02% to 0.03%), Ethiopia 0.02% (95% CI −0.004% to 0.05%) and Tanzania 0.02% (95% CI 0.002% to 0.04%). The prevalence of encephalocele per live birth was 0.03% and both live birth and stillbirth was 0.03%.ConclusionsThis review indicates a high prevalence of encephalocele, but studies were limited suggesting the need for additional research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021242161.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth prevalence of encephalocele in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Oumer

Kassahun

2021

bmjpo

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“…Contrary to ours, Charu found slight male dominance (53.4%). [20][21][22][23][24] Posterior (occipital encephalocoele) was the most common lesion in our study, followed by the anterior (Sincipital). This is similar to the Nigerian findings of 92.5%, 82.4%, and 70%, respectively, by Gyan, Babagana, and Shokunbi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical findings and surgical outcomes of encephalocoeles

Usman

Mohammed

2022

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Encephalocoeles are herniation of the brain and its meninges via a midline cranial vault defect or at the base of the skull, at the site of local mesenchymal disruption. It accounts for 10% to 20% of all the cranial and spinal dysraphisms found in 1/5000 live births.Method: It is a 5 year retrospective study on 42 cases of encephalocoele managed in a Nigerian Tertiary Medical Centre. We extracted the clinical findings and surgical management outcomes from the patient's case notes.Result: Ages at presentation were Neonates (24, 57.1%), ≤3 months (35, 83.3%), with mode of 2 days. Males (12, 28.6%), females (30, 71.4%), with M:F=1:2.5. Posterior (occipital) lesions (36, 85.7%), anterior (6, 14.3%). Variable size lesions (33, 78.6%), giant encephalocoeles (9, 21.4%). Hydrocephalus (16, 38.1%) included pre-excision HCP (12, 75% of 16) and post excision HCP (4, 25% of 16). Available neuroimaging was TFUSS (all, 100%), CT Scan (20, 47.6%), MRI (2, 4.8%). Surgery of excision and repair (36, 85.7%), combined craniofacial repair (6, 14.3%), additional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (16, 38.1%). Post-operative complications included CSF leak (2, 4.8%), superficial surgical site infection (3, 7.1%), meningitis (1, 2.4%), shunt infection (4, 9.5%), shunt obstruction (7, 16.7%). Outcomes were good (38, 90.5%), blind (3, 7.1%), vegetative (1, 2.4%), death (1, 2.4%).Conclusions: Encephalocoeles are an uncommon congenital type of neural tube defect containing herniated brain tissue. Posterior (occipital) lesions are commoner (and maybe of giant size) than anterior lesions (Sincipital). Surgical outcomes are generally good.

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“…32 ensefalosel olgusunun değerlendirildiği bir çalışmada anne yaş ortalaması 30 bulunmuş ve %56 oranında akraba evliliği saptanmıştır 1 . Bot ve arkadaşlarının 'dev ensefaloseller' ile ilgili çalışmasında anne yaş ortalaması 20.3 olarak bulunurmuştur 9 . Çalışmamızda ise 'dev ensefaloseller'de diğerlerine göre anne yaş ortalaması ve akraba evlilik oranı daha yüksek olsa da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ensefalosel kesesinin kafadan büyük olduğu olgular 'dev ensefaloseller' olarak adlandırılırlar. 'Dev ensefalosel'lerin tedavi yönetimi, peroperatif süreçteki yönetim küçük keseli ensefalosellerden oldukça farklıdır 9 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Küçük ve Dev Ensefalosellerin Etiyolojik Faktörler ve Peroperatif Süreç Açısından Karşılaştırılması

Öztürk

2021

Dicle Tıp Dergisi

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Ensefaloseller konjenital nöral tüp defeklerinden olup beyin ve/veya meninkslerin kafatasındaki bir defektten dışarı çıkması ile karakterizedir. Ensefalosel kesesinin kafadan büyük olduğu olgular 'dev ensefaloseller' olarak adlandırılırlar. 'Dev ensefalosel'lerin yönetimi küçük keseli ensefalosellerden oldukça farklıdır. Bu çalışma ile küçük ve dev ensefaloseller karşılaştırılarak etiyolojik ve peroperatif yönetim açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.Yöntemler: Hastanemizde yenidoğan döneminde opere edilen ensefaloseller boyutlarına göre iki gruba ayrılarak ayrı ayrı ve karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmaya ensefalosel nedeniyle opere edilen 32 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların %62,5'i kız bebek, %37,5'i erkek bebektir. Hastaların %15,6'sında 'dev ensefalosel' mevcuttu. Hastaların %53,1'inde kese içerisine herniye olmuş nöral doku mevcuttu. Hastaların %21,9'unda ek anomali mevcuttu. Hastaların %65,6'sında doğumda veya bir yıllık takip süresinde şant takılmasını gerektirecek ventriküler dilatasyon saptanmıştır. Kese boyut ortalaması 74.6±110.3 cm² olarak saptanmıştır. Kese boyutu arttıkça defisit gelişme riski daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p = 0.023).Sonuç: Ensefaloseller peroperatif süreci multidisipliner bir anlayışla iyi yönetilmesi gereken bir hasta grubudur. Her ne kadar 'dev ensefaloseller'in postoperatif süreci diğer ensefalosellerle aynı olsa da preoperatif hazırlığın dikkatli yapılması, anestezi ve cerrahi ekibin koordine çalışması diğer ensefalosellere göre yüksek olan peroperatif komplikasyon riskini azaltacaktır.

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Giant Encephalocele in Sokoto, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review of Operated Cases

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Birth prevalence of encephalocele in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Birth prevalence of encephalocele in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical findings and surgical outcomes of encephalocoeles

Küçük ve Dev Ensefalosellerin Etiyolojik Faktörler ve Peroperatif Süreç Açısından Karşılaştırılması

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