Giant basal cell carcinoma associated with human papillomaviruses infection

Abstract

Different criteria have been used to define giant basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, the majority of tumors of 10 cm or greater in diameter have a characteristic clinical and histopathologic presentation. As a group, these tumors often show metastatic spread as opposed to all other BCCs that rarely metastasize. We present an additional patient with a giant BCC greater than 100 cm2. This tumor had a characteristic location and infiltrative growth pattern. Unusual features of this tumor included a lack of expression of BCL-2 with a greater proportion of cycling tumor cells expressing proliferation markers than conventional BCC, as well as expression of anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPV) subtypes with oncogenic potential. The association of HPV with BCCs has rarely been studied and may not be identical to HPV-induced genital squamous cell carcinomas. However, the findings in this patient suggest that HPV may play a role in the development of some chronic giant BCCs.

A case of penile superficial basal cell carcinoma involving the inner surface of foreskin

“…6 with human papillomavirus (HPV) has also been proposed as a risk for development of some chronic giant BCC. 7 Differential diagnosis of superficial BCC includes Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, psoriasis, and eczema. 8 Among the different patterns of BCC, our patient had superficial BCC of the inner surface of the penis, which to our knowledge is the first to be reported.…”

Determination of the relationship between basal cell carcinoma and human papilloma virus, based on immunohistochemistry staining method

“…[24] The findings of Karagas et al , support a role for HPV types from the genus beta in the pathogenesis of SCC, but not BCC. [23]…”

“…[24–27] The involvement of HPV in human skin cancer was demonstrated first in patients with a rare hereditary disease ‘epidermodysplasia verruciformis’ (EV),[28–30] but to date, a causal connection has not been proven between HPV and BCC in the general population. Therefore we decided to evaluate this questionable correlation.…”

Genital basal cell carcinoma, a different pathogenesis from sun‐exposed basal cell carcinoma? A case‐control study of 30 cases

“…E6 oncoproteins from high‐risk mucosotrophic HPVs (α‐HPVs) not only target p53, but also upregulate many genes that are associated with cancer hallmarks, including those involved in cell cycle regulation, migration, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling at the transcript level to mediate cellular transformation . A giant BCC that was associated with anogenital HPV subtypes with oncogenic potential has been reported . HPV‐related lesions are often associated with strong and diffuse p16 staining, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm .…”

“…2,3 A giant BCC that was associated with anogenital HPV subtypes with oncogenic potential has been reported. 3 HPV-related lesions are often associated with strong and diffuse p16 staining, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. 4,5 The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of genital BCC, by determining the HPV status and p16 and p53 expression levels of genital BCCs in comparison with sun-exposed BCCs.…”