GeSx glass for Pr3+-doped fiber amplifiers at 1.3 μm

Optical properties and applications of chalcogenide glasses: a review

“…When doped with rare earths, these glasses, by virtue of their low phonon energy and high refractive index, open up the possibility of new transitions and significantly increased pumping efficiencies. A variety of sulfide glass systems have been studied based on gallium and germanium sulfides [44][45][46], arsenic trisulfide [47] and GeS 2 glass [48]. However arsenic trisulfide glasses suffer from poor rare-earth solubility and signs of crystallization coinciding with the temperature for fiber-drawing.…”

Structure and properties of Ge2.5PSx glasses

“…However, rare-earth solubility in glassy GeS 2 is low; in the case of Pr, it is only 400 ppm [2]. Rare-earth solubility in Ge-containing sulfide glasses has been shown to be enhanced by the incorporation of co-dopants such as gallium or phosphorus [3].…”

Structural and optical properties of SeGe and SeGeX (X=In, Sb and Bi) amorphous films

“…Chalcogenide glassy semiconductors have several useful properties especially their applications in the fields of infrared optical elements, fiber optics and novel memory devices [1][2][3][4]. They also show a continuous change in the physical properties with change of chemical composition.…”