Geospatial evaluation of COVID-19 mortality: Influence of socio-economic status and underlying health conditions in contiguous USA

The burden of big spaces: Russian regions and cities in the COVID-19 pandemic

“…An analysis of the geography of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has already been the subject of numerous studies. Similar studies have already been conducted for many other countries (Akinwumiju et al 2022;Alfaro at al. 2022;Bag et al 2020;Boumahdi et al 2021;Blangiardo et al 2020;Ghosh and Cartone 2020;Kuebart and Stabler 2020;Martines et al 2021).…”

COVID-19 mortality and deprivation: pandemic, syndemic, and endemic health inequalities

“…91% (86 of 95) of the studies 20 , 21 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , ...…”

“…72 studies were from the WHO region of the Americas, of which 55 studies 20 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 127 , 129 , 130 were from the USA. 52 of the US studies showed that COVID-19 mortality rates were higher in areas of social disadvantage than in affluent areas.…”

Interactive impacts of walkability, social vulnerability, & travel behavior on COVID-19 mortality: A hierarchical Bayesian spatial random parameter approach

“…Compared to the initial mixed findings on the links between urban infrastructure design and COVID-19 mortality early in the pandemic ( Bray et al 2020 , Carozzi 2020 , Kodera et al 2020 ), several studies documented a negative relationship between walkable infrastructure design and COVID-19 mortality as more representative and spatially granular data on the rapidly evolving pandemic became available ( Frank and Wali 2021 , Oishi et al 2021 , Wali and Frank 2021 , Guan et al 2022 ). Besides built environment characteristics, the impacts of the social environment on COVID-19 mortality are also well elucidated ( Harris 2020 , Karaye and Horney 2020 , Freese et al 2021 , Hu et al 2021 , Kim et al 2021, Akinwumiju et al 2022 ). Strong social vulnerability and disparities exist with greater mortality rates for people of color ( Hu et al 2021 , Peres et al 2021 ), older individuals ( Caramelo et al 2020 , Mesas et al 2020 ), low income ( Drefahl et al 2020 ), and less educated individuals ( Seligman et al 2021 ).…”