Abstract-In the research of computer vision and machine perception, three-dimensional objects are usually represented by 2-manifold triangular meshes M. In this paper, we present practical and efficient algorithms to construct iso-contours, bisectors and Voronoi diagrams of point sites on M, based on an exact geodesic metric. Compared to Euclidean metric spaces, the Voronoi diagrams on M exhibit many special properties that fail all the existing Euclidean Voronoi algorithms. To provide practical algorithms for constructing geodesic-metric-based Voronoi diagrams on M, this paper studies the analytic structure of iso-contours, bisectors and Voronoi diagrams on M. After a necessary preprocessing of model M, practical algorithms are proposed for quickly obtaining full information about iso-contours, bisectors and Voronoi diagrams on M. The complexity of the construction algorithms is also analyzed. Finally three interesting applications, surface sampling and reconstruction, 3D skeleton extraction and point pattern analysis are presented that show the potential power of the proposed algorithms in pattern analysis.