Geoeconomics with Chinese characteristics: the BRI and China’s evolving grand strategy

Beeson, Mark

doi:10.1080/20954816.2018.1498988

Cited by 111 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The BRI is seen as part of a new phase of globalization in which China plays a more active role (Gao, 2018; Kolosov et al, 2017; Liu & Dunford, 2016). Scholars widely agree that the BRI, if implemented as planned, will rewrite the current geopolitical landscape (Beeson, 2018; Du, 2016; Fallon, 2015; Minghao, 2016). In contrast, environmental issues have attracted less attention, and research on the environmental governance challenges and institutional structures arising as part of the “green BRI” remains sparse (Hughes et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Governance of China's Belt and Road Initiative

et al. 2020

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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched in 2013, is rapidly subsuming much of China's political and economic involvement abroad. As a far‐reaching infrastructure development and investment strategy, officially involving more than 130 countries, the expansion of the BRI raises important questions about its environmental impacts and its implications for environmental governance. This article examines how China is actively and rapidly developing an institutional architecture for its envisioned “green BRI,” considering the key actors, policies, and initiatives involved in the environmental governance of the BRI. We find that the current institutional architecture of the “green BRI” relies on voluntary corporate self‐governance and a multitude of international and transnational sustainability initiatives. The effectiveness of the environmental governance of the BRI not only hinges on China's priorities and commitments, but also on the political willingness and capacity of BRI partner countries to maintain, implement, and enforce stringent environmental laws and regulations. We conclude by outlining several environmental governance challenges and an agenda for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Governance of China's Belt and Road Initiative

et al. 2020

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“…China's Beltand-Road-Initiative (BRI) especially goes far beyond economics and shapes the country's use of power and influence in the international system. 11 Geopolitics in turn can be seen as a primitive (and earlier) version of realism, which focuses in particular on great-power rivalries over geographic areas, including the military strategic dimension.…”

Section: Geoeconomics and Geopoliticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic and Africa in China’s Foreign Policy: How Different Are They and What Does This Tell Us?

2021

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The article discusses China’s policies in and towards the Arctic and Africa within a comparative perspective. To what extent is China’s policy adaptable to different conditions? What does this adaptability tell us about China’s ascendant great-power role in the world in general? What is the message to the Arctic and Africa respectively? The article concludes that China’s regional strategies aptly reflect the overall grand strategy of a country that is slowly but surely aiming at taking on the role of leading global superpower. In doing so, Chinese foreign policy has demonstrated flexibility and adaptive tactics, through a careful tailoring of its so-called core interests and foreign policy principles, and even identity politics, to regional conditions. This implies that regions seeking autonomy in the context of great power activism and contestation should develop their own strategies not only for benefiting from Chinese investment but also in terms of managing dependency on China and in relation to China and great power competition.

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“…If the problem is the absence of a public-private split and the concomitant futility of purely economic readings of BRI, these matters might be reconciled via a move toward geoeconomics. Here, by purportedly joining logics together, openness to market rationality generates a softer but nonetheless still competitive form that differs from geopolitics (Beeson 2018;Buzan and Lawson 2014). But it is not clear that geoeconomics will turn out to be less vulnerable than classical liberal visions of the pacifying effects of economics on international politics.…”

Section: Uandcd: Substitutionism Industry and The Internationalmentioning

confidence: 99%