The public-private distinction in the shadow of China: Uneven and combined development’s critique of liberal IR theory?

A’Zami, Darius; Liu, Xin

doi:10.1080/09557571.2020.1854179

Cambridge Review of International Affairs

2020

DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2020.1854179

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The public-private distinction in the shadow of China: Uneven and combined development’s critique of liberal IR theory?

Darius A’Zami

Xin Liu

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Cited by 3 publications

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References 79 publications

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“…4While Country Garden is a private developer, scholars caution against imposing a Western public/private dichotomy on China, as the state absorbs certain functions typically associated with private enterprise and many types of corporate ownership exist along the public-private continuum (see for example, A’Zami and Liu, 2020). Forest City’s former director of strategy has publicly stated, ‘If you are a Chinese company, wherever you may be, you will bend the knee if China’s government wants you to’ (Ng, 2021).…”

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Urban speculation for survival: Adaptations and negotiations in Forest City, Malaysia

Avery¹,

Moser²

2022

Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space

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Malaysia is estimated to be one of the four largest recipients of Chinese Belt and Road Initiative investment worldwide, with China surpassing Singapore to become the largest foreign investor in Malaysia in 2016. Chinese investment in Malaysia consists largely of top-down urban mega-developments, many of which are built on reclaimed land and have faced significant criticism from locals, media, environmentalists, and politicians for their audacious plans, exclusive nature, and disregard for local people and ecosystems. Using Forest City as a case study, this paper introduces the concept of urban speculation for survival to elaborate on how – beyond their initial planning and financing – foreign-owned, master-planned megaprojects involve continual speculation as they navigate shifting political contexts and economic challenges. Specifically, we outline three main phases to the new city’s development and investigate how its marketing and identity have evolved over time in response to mounting criticism and shortfalls in sales. Situating Forest City within the trend of speculative urbanism, we demonstrate how – rather than being monolithic – the outcomes of top-down Chinese investment and mega-development in a much smaller Southeast Asian country simultaneously shape and are shaped by local and transnational economic, political, and social dynamics, as corporate Chinese actors are forced to negotiate and compromise on their ambitious overseas ventures.

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Urban speculation for survival: Adaptations and negotiations in Forest City, Malaysia

Avery¹,

Moser²

2022

Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space

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Results and prospects: an introduction to the CRIA special issue on UCD

Rosenberg

2021

Cambridge Review of International Affairs

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This paper introduces the Special Issue on Uneven and Combined Development (UCD). It begins by briefly outlining the idea of UCD and reviewing its historyfrom its origins in the writings of Leon Trotsky to its contemporary renaissance in the field of international studies. A second section then introduces the contributions to this Special Issue, showing how they amount to a powerful new wave of UCD studies.

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A frame analysis of political-media discourse on the Belt and Road Initiative: evidence from China, Australia, India, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Yang

Gorp

2021

Cambridge Review of International Affairs

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A frame analysis of political-media discourse on the Belt and Road Initiative: evidence from China, Australia, India, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States Substantively, the study analyses Chinese official rhetoric and political-media content retrieved from India, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Australia. 2 The overarching research question is formulated as: What frames, or combinations thereof, did Chinese officials and foreign political-media elites apply to communicate BRI? To address the question, the research leverages the analytical purchase of cultural framing, an apparatus of inquiry suited for uncovering the diversity of views and perspectives on a given issue (Van Gorp 2007).Empirically, it is based on a purpose-built dataset of 644 Chinese official texts aiming to externally promote the scheme, and 77 BRI-related official texts and 1,116 BRI-centric news articles gathered from the five foreign countries. Methodologically, it performs a two-step frame analysis: an inductive phase to identify and reconstruct frames, followed by a deductive phase to examine the frame use by different key actors.The rest of the article proceeds as follows. The first part gives an overview of the bourgeoning body of literature on BRI with a view to contextualizing this study. The second part presents framing in broad strokes before fleshing out the cultural framing approach applied here.The third part explains the selection of cases and the collection and analysis of data. The empirical parts describe the set of frames uncovered in the inductive phase and analyse the frame use by key actors. Finally, some implications of this research are discussed. Situating the researchAs a potentially game-changing initiative, BRI has attracted significant attention from policy pundits and scholars, resulting in a burgeoning body of literature. Extant studies on BRI generally fall in four related but distinct categories. The first and probably most dominant category considers BRI as a grand strategy, discussing China's geopolitical and geoeconomic motivations and potential implications for the international

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The public-private distinction in the shadow of China: Uneven and combined development’s critique of liberal IR theory?

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Urban speculation for survival: Adaptations and negotiations in Forest City, Malaysia

Urban speculation for survival: Adaptations and negotiations in Forest City, Malaysia

Results and prospects: an introduction to the CRIA special issue on UCD

A frame analysis of political-media discourse on the Belt and Road Initiative: evidence from China, Australia, India, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States

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