Geochemical responses and implications for gas hydrate accumulation: Case study from site SHC in Shenhu Area within northern South China Sea

Xiong, Ping; Lu, Hong; Xie, Xinong; Zhang, Guangxue; Fu, Shaoying; Jiang, Linxiang; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.06.032

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…A one-dimensional (1D) numerical model applied to investigate the distribution of advective methane flux with the AOM process in GHBS of the Shenhu area, SCS, which also indirectly proves the distribution of methane hydrate in this area . Geochemical analysis of sediments from the Shenhu area, SCS indicated the geochemical diagenetic response to the occurrence of AOM, and it suggests that strong AOM can be beneficial to methane accumulation for hydrate formation in GHSZ. , …”

Section: Advances On Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration In the Scsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…58 Geochemical analysis of sediments from the Shenhu area, SCS indicated the geochemical diagenetic response to the occurrence of AOM, and it suggests that strong AOM can be beneficial to methane accumulation for hydrate formation in GHSZ. 25,57 A marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) survey was completed in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Electromagnetic data were acquired and processed from nine sites.…”

Section: Coring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight sites were drilling in this expedition to obtain core samples containing gas hydrates, which directly confirmed the existence of gas hydrate in the SCS. During GMGS1, the eight sites were drilled with water depth of 1500 m and drilling depth of 300 m below the seafloor (mbsf). − GMGS2 gas hydrate expedition was conducted in 2013, and logging-while-drilling, wireline logging, and coring techniques were applied in this expedition. The study area this time located at the east of the Pearl River Mouth Basin of northern slope in the SCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development in the South China Sea

Jian-wu

2021

Energy Fuels

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Because of the urgency of energy transition for a net-zero society, the world’s gas demand is rapidly increasing. Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is regarded as the next alternate energy resource to meet the demand, thanks to its high energy density and enormous reserves. As two successful production trials and a series of relevant drilling expeditions were implemented in the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS), it may now be the most promising district for NGH exploitation in the world. The objective of this work is to review the recent research advances on hydrate exploration status, reservoir geological features, hydrate-bearing sediment geophysical properties, and hydrate exploitation techniques related to the hydrate reservoirs in the SCS. Geological surveys, well logging and core sampling were performed and helped the analysis of hydrate occurrence, gas origin, and accumulation mechanism. It is inferred that both microgenic and thermogenic gas present in SCS hydrate reservoirs and the hydrate accumulation is primarily controlled by the structure of the gas chimney. The characteristics of high porosity, low permeability, weak diagenesis, weak strength, and complex hydrate dissociation behaviors of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments from the SCS determined that innovative exploitation approaches are required. Different well configurations and reservoir stimulation techniques were proposed to enhance the production efficiency and evaluated through simulation and laboratory experiments. As the NGH development process in the SCS progresses continuously, it attracts more and more research interests from academic and engineering communities. We are convinced that, with constant diligence and effort, China will achieve the goal of safe and efficient commercial exploitation in the near future.

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Section: Advances On Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration In the Scsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Coring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development in the South China Sea

Jian-wu

2021

Energy Fuels

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“…Associated with Cold Seeps The GMGS1, GMGS3, and GMGS4 gas hydrate drilling expeditions and many geological surveys have been conducted in the Shenhu area, more than 60 boreholes have been drilled, and pore-filling gas hydrates with high saturations have been recovered from~160 to 240 mbsf through pressure coring at sites SH2, SH3, SH7, W11, W17, W18, and W19 (Figure 1(c)) [74,80,[87][88][89][90]112]. In addition, authigenic carbonates associated with the strong ancient anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) have also been recovered, indicating a paleo-cold seep in the Shenhu area [118,119]. Massive shallow sediments have been recovered from piston coring sites 08CF7 and Site4B in the Shenhu gas hydrate accumulation area.…”

Section: Distribution Of Gas Hydrate Accumulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Hydrate Accumulation and Occurrence Associated with Cold Seep Systems in the Northern South China Sea: An Overview

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2021

Geofluids

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Studying deep-water cold seep systems is of great significance to gas hydrate exploration due to their close relationship. Various cold seep systems and related gas hydrate accumulations have been discovered in the northern South China Sea in the past three decades. Based on high-resolution seismic data, subbottom profiles, in situ submergence observations, deep drilling and coring, and hydrate gas geochemical analyses, the geological and geophysical characteristics of these cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate accumulations in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the Shenhu area, the Dongsha area, and the Taixinan Basin have been investigated. Cold seep systems are present in diverse stages of evolution and exhibit various seabed microgeomorphic, geological, and geochemical features. Active cold seep systems with a large amount of gas leakage, gas plumes, and microbial communities and inactive cold seep systems with authigenic carbonate pavements are related to the variable intensity of the gas-bearing fluid, which is usually derived from the deep strata through mud diapirs, mud volcanoes, gas chimneys, and faults. Gas hydrates are usually precipitated in cold seep vents and deeper vertical fluid migration pathways, indicating that deep gas-bearing fluid activities control the formation and accumulation of gas hydrates. The hydrocarbons collected from cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate reservoirs are generally mixtures of biogenic gas and thermogenic gas, the origin of which is generally consistent with that of deep conventional gas. We also discuss the paragenetic relationship between the gas-bearing fluid and the seafloor morphology of cold seeps and the deep-shallow coupling of gas hydrates, cold seeps, and deep petroleum reservoirs. It is reasonable to conclude that the deep petroleum systems and gas-bearing fluid activity jointly control the development of cold seep systems and the accumulation of gas hydrates in the northern South China Sea. Therefore, the favorable areas for conventional oil and gas enrichment are also prospective areas for exploring active cold seeps and gas hydrates.

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“…In addition, numerous cold seeps have also been discovered in the Dongsha and Shenhu areas, indicating the hydrocarbon seepage and occurrence of underlying gas hydrates [5]. In these areas, many studies have been conducted, mainly including geochemistry, geophysics, numerical simulation, sediment fabrics, microbial diversity, and biomarkers [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Indication and Geochemical Significance of Sedimentary Organic Matters from the Xisha Area, the South China Sea

Zhou

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Although various geochemical and geophysical investigations have already indicated a great resource potential in the Xisha area of the South China Sea, the origin of organic matter and molecular evidence for tracing the migration of hydrocarbons from deep petroleum reservoirs are still lacking. In this study, systematic organic geochemical analyses, including bulk organic matter parameters and lipid biomarkers were performed for deep sediments from two cores. The C/N ratios and δ13C and δ15N values of organic matter in most of the samples, together with the maxima of short-chain n-alkanoic acids and mid-chain n-alkanols, high abundances of monounsaturated fatty acids C18:1ω9 and C22:1ω13, jointly indicate the dominance of marine organic matter. n-Alkanes in sediments from core GMGS4-XH-W06B are characterized by small unresolved complex mixture (UCMs) humps, high odd/even predominance (OEP) and carbon preference index (CPI) values, clearly exhibiting characteristics of modern sediments. However, the sediments for core GMGS4-XH-W03B are featured with big UCMs, associated with OEP and CPI values around 1.0, showing signatures of petroleum hydrocarbons from high maturity sources. Considering the geologic background, the biomarker signatures are solid evidence for indicating the existence of underlying petroleum reservoirs, and may provide the valuable information for assessing the hydrocarbon resources in the Xisha area.

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Geochemical responses and implications for gas hydrate accumulation: Case study from site SHC in Shenhu Area within northern South China Sea

Cited by 18 publications

References 111 publications

Recent Advances on Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development in the South China Sea

Recent Advances on Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development in the South China Sea

Gas Hydrate Accumulation and Occurrence Associated with Cold Seep Systems in the Northern South China Sea: An Overview

Source Indication and Geochemical Significance of Sedimentary Organic Matters from the Xisha Area, the South China Sea

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