Geochemical Application in Unraveling Paleoweathering, Provenance and Environmental Setting of the Shale From Chia Gara Formation, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abstract

The geochemical characteristics of the shale of the Chia Gara Formation (Middle Tithonian- Berriasian) from the Imbricated Zone (Barsarin section) and High Folded Zone (Banik section) Kurdistan Region, Iraq, was carried out to constrain their paleoweathering, provenance, and depositional environment. There are no clear differences in the major and trace elements of the Chia Gara Formation between the two studied sections. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) is significantly higher in the Barsarin than the Banik shales, suggesting more intense weathering of the Barsarin than the Banik shales. The samples of the Banik and some of Barsarin are clustered near the A-K line in A-CN-K plot suggests intense chemical weathering (high CIA) without any clear-cut evidence of K-metasomatism. The other samples of Barsarin have a weathering trend parallel to the A-CN line, indicating relativelysteady state weathering conditions. The geochemical parameters of the shale (Al2O3/TiO2,

Geochemical and Clay Mineralogical Characteristics of the Black Shale and Constrains on Diagenesis and Maturation, Chia Gara Formation, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Iraq

“…However, MgO, Na2O, TiO2, MnO and P2O5 contents are less abundant, less than 1% (Table 1). The average content of CaO is higher than the geochemical standards (PAAS; Taylor and McLennan, 1985) indicating the prominent of carbonates in the environment of deposition for the Chia Gara shale that occurred in open marine setting as reported by many workers (i.e., Mohialdeen et al 2013;Mustafa and Tobia, 2020). On the other hand, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, Na2O, TiO2 and MnO exhibited lower contents compared to that of PAAS, while P2O5 is nearly similar to PAAS (Table 1).…”

“…Based on the fossil contents, the formation reveals a Mid Tithonian-Berriasian age (Jassim and Goff, 2006). It has been interpreted as a suboxic to anoxic conditions deposited under deep marine environment (Mohialdeen et al 2013;Mustafa and Tobia, 2020), during High System Track and Transgression System Track stages (Sharland et al 2001). The formation has high sedimentation rates involve shorter residence times, and rapid burial of OC during the diagenetic stage (Mohialdeen et al 2013).…”

“…The evaluating of the hydrocarbon potential, in addition to the sedimentology, petrology and organic geochemistry of Chia Gara shale where studied intensively (Mohialdeen et al 2013;Sherwani and Edilbi, 2019). In these studies, the trace elements and REEs received little attention (Mustafa and Tobia, 2020), although they are important in deciphering the depositional environment, weathering intensity and influence of other geological processes. Chia Gara Formation was firstly described by Wetzel (Bellen et al 1959) in the High Folded Zone within Chia Gara anticline (Fig.…”

Provenance of sediments from Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beaches, Tamaulipas State, northwestern Gulf of Mexico

“…To infer the provenance of the Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, we employed a provenance (Roser and Korsch 1988), which is frequently used in various studies (e.g. Tawfik et al 2018;Bineli et al 2020;Madhavaraju et al 2020;Mustafa and Tobia 2020). On this plot, the samples are clustered in the quartzose sedimentary provenance field (Fig.…”

Paleoclimatic Insights on the Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Oae2) From Northern Iraq Based on Calcareous Nannofossils and Geochemical Data

“…Other studies refer to a range of environmental conditions prevailing during deposition of the Gulneri rocks (dyoxic, suboxic, anoxic and euxinic) based on drowning due to differential subsidence (Haddad and Amin 2007) or common high organic matter content or oxygen deficient fossil species (Al-Dulaimy and Awadh, 2007). Mustafa and Tobia (2020) mentioned that the geochemical parameters have been used by to understand the paleo-oxygenation conditions of ancient sediments.…”