Geochemical and Geophysical Study in a Degraded Area Used for Disposal of Sludge from a Water Treatment Plant

Moreira, Ricardo Cosme Arraes; Boaventura, Géraldo Resende; Nunes, Sandra Alves; Pinheiro, Luciano de Almeida; Nascimento, Carlos Tadeu Carvalho do; Silva, Davi Rodrigues da; Lira, Christiane de Pinna

doi:10.1155/2011/489182

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The physiochemical properties of many WTRs have been well characterised in different regions by a number of researchers 95 (Elliot and Dempsey, 1991;Basim, 1999;Dayton and Basta, 2001;Dayton et al, 2003;Titshall and Hughes, 2005;Ippolito et al, 2011;Moreira et al, 2011;O'Kelly, 2016a;). It is generally considered to be an organo-mineral and the water content, mechanical and chemical properties of the sludge are entirely dependent on the procedures employed at each water treatment works (WTWs) and the nature of the local water source.…”

Section: Water Treatment Residual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience

Kerr

Johnson

Toll

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Soil degradation is a global challenge that is intrinsically linked to climate change and food security. Soil degradation has many causes, but all degraded soils suffer from poor soil structure. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals 12, 13 and 15 strive towards responsible consumption and production, building a zero-waste circular economy, achieving net zero by 2030 and reversing land degradation to protect one of our most valuable assets, soil. Global efforts to stop and even reverse soil degradation require sources of both organic and inorganic materials to rebuild soil structure. The increasing global production of water treatment residual (WTR), an organo-mineral waste product from clean water treatment, means that the sustainable reuse of this waste provides a potential timely opportunity. Recycling or reuse of WTR to land is commonplace across the world but is subject to limitations based on the chemical properties of the material. Very little work has focused on the physical impacts of Fe-WTR application and its potential to rebuild soil structure particularly improving its ability to hold water and resist the effects of flooding. This paper presents novel research in which the use of Fe-WTR and Fe-WTR/compost [1:1] co-amendment has shown to be beneficial for a soil’s water retention, permeability, volume change, and strength properties. Application rates of WTR were 10 and 30 % by dry mass. Compared to the control soil, co-amended samples have 5.7 times the hydraulic conductivity (570 % improvement), 54 % higher shear strength and 25 % greater saturated water content. Single WTR amendment had 26 times the saturated hydraulic conductivity (2600 % improvement), 129 % higher shear strength and 13.7 % greater saturated water content. Data indicates that WTR can be added as a single amendment to significantly improve soil physical characteristics where shear strength and hydraulic conductivity are the most important factors in application. Although the co-application of Fe-WTR with compost provides a lesser improvement in shear strength and hydraulic conductivity compared to single WTR amendment, the co-amendment has the best water retention properties and provides supplementary organic content, which is beneficial for environmental applications where the soil health (i.e. ability to sustain ecosystem functions and support plants) is critical. We develop the term ‘flood holding capacity’ to holistically describe the physical ecosystem services that soil delivers, which incorporates not only the gravimetric water content but the extra water storage potential due to increases in volume that occur in organic rich soils, the transmissivity of the soil (hydraulic conductivity) and the shear strength of a soil, which determines how well a soil will resist the erosive forces of water movement.

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Section: Water Treatment Residual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience

Kerr

Johnson

Toll

2021

Preprint

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Section: Water Treatment Residual Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kerr

2021

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“…Groundwater treatment sludge (GWTS) is a Mn-rich waste and precipitated from backwash wastewater of groundwater treatment plants. − Approximately, 5 t of sludge is generated in treatment plants with a production of 80,000 m 3 /d. The sludge contains 5.4–8.5 wt % of Mn − and is usually dumped directly into the river or sea without disposal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Recycling of Mn-Rich Sludge: Effective Separation of Impure Fe/Al and Recovery of High-Purity Hausmannite

et al. 2021

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Groundwater treatment sludge is a Fe/Mn-rich waste generated in mass production in a groundwater treatment plant for potable water production. The conventional disposal of sludge, such as direct discharge into river/lake, sea, and landfill, is not environmentally sustainable. Herein, a novel method was proposed to effectively separate Fe/Al and recover Mn via a combined hydrochloric acid leaching and hydrothermal route. The sludge contained 14.6% Fe, 6.3% Mn, and 11.5% Al and was first dissolved in 5 M HCl to prepare a leaching solution. Second, the leaching solution was hydrothermally treated, in which 97.1% Fe and 94.8% Al were precipitated as hematite and boehmite and more than 98% Mn was kept. Increasing the reaction temperature to 270 °C was beneficial for Fe/Al removal. With the consumption of abundant H+, the reaction of added glucose and nitrate accelerated as the temperature increased. An optimal pH was utilized for Fe/Al hydrolysis and crystallization, leading to extensive removal of Fe/Al. Third, the residual solution was adjusted to pH 8.3 with NaOH, and approximately, 99.2% Mn was removed as hausmannite with a Mn content of 63.6%. This method exhibited efficient separation of impure Fe/Al from Mn-rich groundwater treatment plant iron mud, and the recycled high-purity hausmannite was a marketable active pharmaceutical ingredient.

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Geochemical and Geophysical Study in a Degraded Area Used for Disposal of Sludge from a Water Treatment Plant

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience

Reusing Fe water treatment residual as a soil amendment to improve physical function and flood resilience

Reply on RC1

Resource Recycling of Mn-Rich Sludge: Effective Separation of Impure Fe/Al and Recovery of High-Purity Hausmannite

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