Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) and co-infections in cervical cytologic specimens from two outpatient gynecological clinics in a region of southeast Spain

Abstract

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical cytologic specimens from Murcia Region, (southeast Spain), to obtain information regarding the possible effect of the ongoing vaccination campaign against HPV16 and HPV18.MethodsA total of 458 cytologic specimens were obtained from two outpatient gynecological clinics. These included 288 normal benign (N/B) specimens, 56 atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 75 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 39 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). HPV genotyping was performed using PCR and tube array hybridization.ResultsThe most frequent genotype found was HPV16 (14.9% in N/B; 17.9% in ASC-US; 29.3% in LSIL and 33.3% HSIL). Distribution of other genotypes was heavily dependent on the cytologic diagnoses. Co-infections were found in 15.3% of N/B, 10.7% of ASC-US, 48% of LSIL and 25.6% of HSIL cases (significantly different at p < 0.001). Strikingly, in N/B diagnoses, genotypes from A5 species were found as coinfecting in all cases. Genotypes from A7 or A9 species appeared in co-infections in 56.5% and 54% respectively whereas genotypes from A6 species appeared in 25.1% of cases.ConclusionHPV vaccination might prevent 34.6% and 35.8% of LSIL and HSIL, respectively. Co-infection rate is dependent on both cytologic diagnosis and HPV genotype. Moreover, genotypes belonging to A5, A7 and A9 species are more often found as co-infections than genotype pertaining to A6 species. This suggests that phylogenetically related genotypes might have in common similar grades of dependency for cervical epithelium colonization.

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Italian Women with Cervical Cytological Abnormalities

“…The second most frequent type was HPV-53 (15.7%) in accordance with other Italian 34 and Spanish studies, 28,39,40 both in general population and in females with abnormal smears. In fact, although it is not recurrent among the most prevalent types worldwide, it was found as the second and the fifth, 21,30 most frequent genotype isolated in Italian studies which considered general female population and females with abnormal smears.…”

Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in histological sections of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma in Madrid, Spain

“…However, vaccination against HPV 16/18 does not seem to cross-protect against HPV 58 [9,10]. In addition, the decreasing prevalence of the genotypes included in the HPV vaccine may increase the prevalence of other coinfecting genotypes.…”

“…In addition, the decreasing prevalence of the genotypes included in the HPV vaccine may increase the prevalence of other coinfecting genotypes. This hypothesis suggests that the elimination of certain genotypes by vaccination may affect the distribution of other genotypes, and the impact of the vaccine could vary [9]. …”

Association of polymorphism in FcGR3A gene and progression of low-grade precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma

“…The cases of study constitute a subset of a previously published series of 458 cytologic specimens [12] and comprise 138 women diagnosed as SILs and followed up during the period from January 2006 to March 2009. Exclusion criteria were less than 2 years of follow-up, history of invasive CC and other cancer types, and immunocompromised conditions.…”

“…Genotyping was performed with Clart HPV 2 kit according to manufacturer's instructions (Genomica, Madrid, Spain; ClonDiag, Jena, Germany) [12,14]. HPV types genotyped with the kit included HR-HPV genotypes 16 …”