Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase Gene Family in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Abstract

Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) encode enzymes required for the reconstruction and modification of xyloglucan backbones, which will result in changes of cell wall extensibility during growth. A total of 56 NtXTH genes were identified from common tobacco, and 50 cDNA fragments were verified by PCR amplification. The 56 NtXTH genes could be classified into two subfamilies: Group I/II and Group III according to their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure, chromosomal localization, conserved protein domains prediction, sub-cellular localization of NtXTH proteins and evolutionary relationships among Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana sylvestrisis, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Arabidopsis, and rice were also analyzed. The NtXTHs expression profiles analyzed by the TobEA database and qRT-PCR revealed that NtXTHs display different expression patterns in different tissues. Notably, the expression patterns of 12 NtXTHs responding to environment stresses, including salinity, alkali, heat, chilling, and plant hormones, including IAA and brassinolide, were characterized. All the results would be useful for the function study of NtXTHs during different growth cycles and stresses.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of P-Type Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Sub-Gene Family in Sunflower and the Role of HHA4 and HHA11 in the Development of Salt Stress Resistance

“…The plant materials included sunflower plants (XRQ) [29], Arabidopsis ((Columbia) wild-type (WT) plants and two transgenic lines (HHA4-OE, and HHA11-OE)), as well as Nicotiana benthamiana plants. All the plants were grown in a culture room described in our previous studies [30,31] with a relative constant temperature of 23 ± 1 • C and 16/8 h photoperiod (light/dark). The humidity was controlled at approximately 60%.…”

“…The method used to identify the P-type PM H + -ATPases ion pump sub-gene family members was based on a previous study [31]. The protein amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 11 published Arabidopsis thaliana P-type PM H + -ATPases [5] that were used as queries were download from the TAIR database.…”

“…The protein amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 11 published Arabidopsis thaliana P-type PM H + -ATPases [5] that were used as queries were download from the TAIR database. A genome-wide BLAST of PM H + -ATPases sub-gene family members was screened in the Helianthus annuus L. genome database [29] with the parameters id% >50% and E-value <10 −15 [31]. Two web tools, Pfam and SMART databases, were used to identify the DKTGT[L/I/V/M][T/I] (P domain) and ProSite PS00154 conserved domains [3] of all the candidate PM H + -ATPase proteins after removing redundant sequence.…”

“…Three independent replicates of each tissue were performed. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed, as described in [31]. The volume of semi-quantitative PCR reaction mixture was 20 µL, including 1 µL cDNA template, 10 µL 2× Taq DNA Polymerase (P102-d1, Vazyme, China), and 0.6 µL of each of the primers (10 mM).…”

“…The positive clones were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 for transient expression in 3-week-old Nicotiana benthamiana plants using the infiltration method [38]. The 35S::AtCESA1-RFP fusion protein was used as a plasma membrane-anchored marker [31]. GFP and RFP signals were observed with Leica TCS SP8 (Mannheim, Germany) confocal laser scanning microscopy.…”