Genetically continuous populations of Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) in the Cingcingguling River fragmented by Sempor Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Setyaningrum N, Lestari W, Nuryanto A. 2022. Genetically continuous populations of Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) in the Cingcingguling River fragmented by Sempor Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 222-230. Cingcingguling River, located in Kebumen District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The Sempor Reservoir fragments it. The previous study proved the negative impact of the reservoir on positive rheotaxis fish, mainly in genetic constituents between the reservoir and river populations. However, research has not been conducted on the negative rheotaxis fish, such as Channa striata. Assessing population genetic and taxonomic validity study of Striped Snakehead in the Cingcingguling River is an essential effort. Both studies could be done using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Therefore, this research aims to determine taxonomic status and evaluate the population genetic of C. striata in the Cingcingguling River. The samples were collected at eight sites, inside and outside the reservoir. The used marker was sequenced from 53 individuals, and all specimens showed high identity (98.67% to 100%) and low genetic distances (0.00 to 0.01) to C. striata (KU692421, KU852443, and MG438366). Those values proved that all samples were genetically identified as Channa striata. The vertical genetic distribution analysis demonstrated that C. striata populations are genetically not different along the river. Unlike rheotaxis positive fish phenomena, the reservoir's existence does not cause genetic fragmentation and leads to continuous striped snakehead populations.

Morphological and molecular characterization of mole crab (Genus: Emerita) in the Cilacap coastlines of Indonesia, with particular focus on genetic diversity of Emerita sp. nov.

“…The assumption was based on the fact that Fus' Fs values are believed to be more sensitive than Tajimas' D. According to Jong et al (2011) and Mohammed et al (2021), the sensitivity of Fus' Fs values because it is calculated based on nucleotide diversity. A similar phenomenon was also reported in fish (Setyaningrum et al 2022). Therefore, the used COI marker could be assumed as a neutral marker for assessing the genetic diversity of the Emerita sp.…”

“…This test was carried out using an essential local alignment search tool (BLAST). This study also used genetic distance, genetic divergence or a gap of 5% (Candek and Kuntner 2015;Setyaningrum et al 2022). Variance analysis and fixation statistic (Fst) were conducted in Arlequin 3.5 (Excoffier and Lischer 2010) to estimate significant genetic divergence between the morphotypes.…”

“…Species identification and population genetic studies were conducted using various molecular markers (Nuryanto et al 2017;Butet et al 2019;Nuryanto et al 2019;Elvyra et al 2020;Riani et al 2021;Setyaningrum et al 2022). The cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene is a common marker used in species determination (Ko et al 2013;Muchlisin et al 2013;Dahruddin et al 2016;Irmawati et al 2017;Syaifudin et al 2020) and population genetic studies (Song et al 2013;Zhang et al 2014;Fahmi 2015;Nuryanto et al 2019).…”

“…High haplotype diversity assessed using the COI gene was widespread in animal phyla (Dorn et al 2011;Dung et al 2013;Zhang et al 2014;Nuryanto et al 2019). At the same time, low haplotype diversity was also common in animal populations (Setyaningrum et al 2022). The COI gene's study may show a complex pattern of diversity levels, even within species (Pavesi et al 2011;Parmaksiz and Eksi 2017).…”