Genetic variation among Asian populations of rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugensandSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera: Delphacidae): mitochondrial DNA sequences

Abstract

Many species of insects associated with cultivated rice do not over-winter in Korea and Japan, but migrate into these areas each year. To understand better the origins of these immigrations as well as the geographic structure of rice pests in Asian rice growing regions, intraspecific variation in two species of delphacid planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera Horvath, was examined. An 850 base pair region of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase-I (CO-I) was sequenced from a total of 71 individuals collected from 11 localities in seven countries: Korea, Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. In N. lugens, three haplotypes were found and all populations sampled shared a dominant haplotype. Localities in Korea contained two haplotypes and localities in China and the Philippines contained three. However, in samples from the Indochina peninsula no variation was detected either within or between populations, consistent with a hypothesis of regular migration and gene flow. These populations did not contain some haplotypes found in Korea, suggesting they were not the source of yearly immigration into Korea and, by extension, Japan. Populations from China did share haplotypes with Korea, which was consistent with the hypothesis that China was the source for yearly immigration into Korea. There was insufficient resolution to distinguish among populations in China. For N. lugens, the data suggested that populations south of the Red River Valley in Vietnam experienced regular mixing and were distinct from populations to the north which contributed to yearly immigrations. In S. furcifera, there was less differentiation among populations. Two haplotypes were found in all populations except Malaysia. The results for both species were consistent with seasonal weather data and indicated that more detailed analysis of DNA sequence data will be fruitful.

Genetic variation in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in China inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequence

“…In other insects, the maximum sequence divergence is 0.2% for the domestic silkworm (Kim et al, 2000b), 0.2% and 1.2% for two species of mushroom fly ), ~0.23% and 0.12% for two species of the rice planthoppers (Mun et al, 1999), 0.4% for spruce budworm species (Sperling & Hickey, 1994), 0.5% for Heliconius butterflies (Brower, 1994) and 4.0% for the firefly, Luciola lateralis Motschulsky . Excluding L. lateralis, which seems to include more than one species , it was approximately 1.2% for the insect mt COI gene.…”

Passive Long-Distance Migration of Apterous Dryinid Wasps Parasitizing Rice Planthoppers

“…This could imply that all sampling sites should be regarded as the same population, which would be consistent with the annual long-distance migration of S. furcifera. However, S. furcifera showed no genetic variation among the East Asian populations sampled (Mun et al, 1999). Because the present study investigated the original and the secondary migration direction, the similar genetic structure of H. apicalis might be retrieved from the other localities in East Fig.…”

Phylogenetic Analysis and Sequencing of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit I (Coi) of White Backed Plant Hopper, Sogatella Furcifera (Horvath)

“…High proportion of 'T' in the second position of codon results in a preference of polar and hydrophobic amino acids in the membrane associated proteins 13 . The average inter specific genetic divergence of related species of S. furcifera ranged from 0-0.23 % and 0-0.12 % respectively 14 . In migratory insect, genetic variation is found in all components of the migratory syndrome, and selection for migration results in a change in the frequency of expression of this components 15 .…”