Our data demonstrated that HRR can be improved in obese subjects by a 3-month exercise and weight loss program. Improvement in cardiopulmonary function by exercise seems to be the main contributor to the increment of HRR.
The family Megalyridae is recorded from Japan for the first time on the basis of two new species, Carminator helios and C. japonicus. This is the northernmost record of living Megalyridae, although fossil species are known from regions of the Baltic Sea. Carminator helios can be distinguished from congeners of the Asian and Australian regions by the combination of a long head, deeply excavated frons with convex inner margins, entirely striated postgena, the number of fore tibial spines (more than 16), and a long R1 vein. Carminator japonicus is distinguishable from other species by the combination of an orange-colored metasoma, a weakly excavated frons, and an elongate vertex. This species was collected from the canopy of Acer pictum. Additional characters that distinguish species of the genus Carminator are discussed.
Five new species, Dinapsis albicauda, n. sp., D. cresta, n. sp., D. luteus, n. sp., D. planifrons, n. sp., and D. scriptus, n. sp. are described from the island of Madagascar. The Dinapsis hirtipes species-group is proposed based on D. hirtipes Hedqvist, 1967 and the five newly described species. A key to species of the D. hirtipes species-group is provided.
Climate change can degrade a community of Aculeata bees and wasps with important ecosystem roles, such as pollination and predation. In this study, we evaluated patterns in the species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of Aculeata communities along elevational gradients in Miyazaki Prefecture, south of the Japanese archipelago. We used yellow pan traps to collect Aculeata at 200-1600 m above sea level for three seasons. We tested five functional traits (body size, trophic level, feeding guild, flight duration, and elevational range) and horizontal distribution of the species. The species diversity (SD) increased with increasing elevation. Body size, trophic level, and distribution diversity increased with increasing elevation. The communityweighted mean trophic level and flight duration decreased with increasing elevation. PD increased with increasing elevation. The number of northern
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