Genetic structure of three populations of rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>): Implications for genetic management

Gill, Peter; Blangero, John; Manis, Georgios; Scheffler, Joan; Keeling, Michale E.; Stone, W. H.

doi:10.1002/ajp.1350270204

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Genetic marker data permit direct assessment of the variability present in captive breeding colonies. For example, Gill et al (1991) found that existing variability in two colonies of rhesus macaques was comparable to that found in a wild population. Likewise, Aita (1990) found that levels of heterozygosity in captiveborn western lowland gorillas were similar to those observed for wild-born animals.…”

Section: Approaches To Paternity Determinationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Recent trends in genetic research on captive and wild nonhuman primate populations

Williams‐Blangero

1991

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Genetic research on nonhuman primates is flourishing. Population genetic approaches are used to address microevolutionary questions about both wild and captive nonhuman primate populations. Population structure studies of wild groups have traditionally been limited by a lack of accurate pedigree and historical information. Current developments in both statistical and molecular pedigree reconstruction techniques now permit more detailed population structure studies of free-ranging populations than were previously possible. Many of these techniques are used extensively in defining pedigree structures for captive populations, as the definition is a vital aspect of genetic management. Captive colonies of nonhuman primates are managed for both maintenance of genetic variability and avoidance of inbreeding. The close evolutionary relationship between humans and nonhuman primates makes these animals well suited as models for human disease. Accordingly, nonhuman primates are being used in assessing the genetic components of complex phenotypes with increasing frequency. Information that is learned from analyses of data from captive animals can be applied to wild populations and there is great potential for interplay between these research areas. As techniques for genetic analysis of wild populations improve and as data on pedigreed captive nonhuman primate populations accumulate, genetic methods may be applied to a n increasing number of traditional interests in primatology such as behavior, morphology, and endocrinology.The field of nonhuman primate genetics is flourishing and population genetic methods are being incorporated into an increasing number of areas in primatological research. The trends in genetic research with nonhuman primates have many parallels to those observed in anthropological genetics. Eleven years ago Mielke and Crawford ( 1980) summarized current developments in anthropological genetics with a collection of papers published in a volume of that title. In the preface, they noted that population structure analyses had been the focus of much of the early work in anthropological genetics, and that while there remained many interesting questions about population structure to be addressed by new improved techniques, genetic epidemiology (i.e., the determination of the genetic components of complex phenotypes) was receiving increased emphasis. Investigations of the genetic basis of complex traits in anthropological^' populations have some unique advantages over such studies conducted in large modernized populations (Ward, 1985;Vogel, 1985;Chakraborty and Szathmary, 1985). The small, geographically restricted populations focused on by biological anthropologists provide 0 1991 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Approaches To Paternity Determinationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Recent trends in genetic research on captive and wild nonhuman primate populations

Williams‐Blangero

1991

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…D I A and 6PGD are monomers and exhibit only two protein bands in heterozygotes, whereas GPI is a dimer and exhibits three bands in heterozygotes (MEERA- KHAN, 1987). In a recent study, protein markers coded for by six independent loci (five isozyme loci and the TF locus) were used to estimate the level of genetic variation in two captive and one wild population of rhesus monkeys (GILL et al, 1992). One of the captive groups had a harem breeding system, the other captive group had been maintained as a closed population at the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center for many generations since it was brought intact from North India.…”

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Classical genetic markers and DNA markers: A commensal marriage

et al. 1993

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ABSTRACT. In this paper, we present an overview of classical genetic markers in nonhuman primates and then contrast the discriminatory powers of these markers with DNA markers. We have restricted the scope of our discussion to genetic markers found in blood, since they have been studied most extensively over the past 30 years. For example, immunoglobulin allotypes, complement markers, transferrins, and other protein markers can be identified using serum or plasma. Lymphocytes carry the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) markers, which are very polymorphic in most nonhuman primates. Lymphocytes are also used as a source of DNA. Finally, red blood cells carry an enormous array of blood group as well as isozyme markers. Our discussion will be limited to three species: rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), baboons (Papio hamadryas), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), although the principles are applicable to all nonhuman primates.Key Words: Blood groups; Biochemical polymorphisms; Tandem repeats; Parentage determination. BLOOD GROUP MARKERSThe blood group markers were among the first genetic markers clearly defined in nonhuman primates (DOGCLEnY & STONE, 1971;STONE, 1967). Chimpanzees are polymorphic for the human ABO blood groups and can be typed for them using a simple agglutination test. However, the majority of reagents that detect polyrnorphic systems in humans do not detect genetic variation in nonhuman primates (SocHA, 1989). To type Old World monkeys, it is necessary to use operationally monospecific alloimmune sera (FREOERICI~ et al., 1990). A polyspecific blood typing serum would detect the products of several unidentifiable loci and, in this respect, would be similar to a multi-locus DNA fingerprinting probe. We have produced monospecific reagents that detect polymorphisms at 13 independent blood group loci in rhesus monkeys. Using these reagents, almost two million possible genotypes can be differentiated (STONE et al., 1987).These blood groups have been used for parentage testing (SULLIVAN et al., 1977) as shown in Table I. The offspring clearly inherited factors G1, H2, I1, and M3 from its father, since these are absent in the mother. The only male with all of these factors is designated the true father. This case demonstrates the power of markers which define genotypes over those which only characterize phenotypes.Blood groups have been used to study the relationship between male social dominance and reproductive success in a captive troop of rhesus monkeys (CURIE-COHEN et al., 1983).In this troop, the social structure remained relatively stable over an eight-year period, 366 W.H. STONE et al. although the number of adult males varied from 4 to 10. Using blood typing, we determined paternity for 48 of 77 offspring born into the colony. The 62~ success rate is remarkable given that this was a closed troop with considerable inbreeding. Our results (Table 2) indicated that the dominant male sired only 13-32~ of the offspring, even though he participated in 67~ of the observed copulations. Surprisingly, t...

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Genetic structure of three populations of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Implications for genetic management

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Recent trends in genetic research on captive and wild nonhuman primate populations

Recent trends in genetic research on captive and wild nonhuman primate populations

Classical genetic markers and DNA markers: A commensal marriage

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