Genetic Polymorphism and Bottleneck Analysis of Balkhi, Hashtnagri, and Michni Sheep Populations Using Microsatellite Markers

Abstract

Pakistan is rich in sheep genetic resources. Balkhi, Hashtnagri, and Michni are neighboring sheep populations found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. In this study, we analyzed the genetic structures and bottleneck incidents within these sheep populations using 31 microsatellite DNA markers. Total numbers of 116, 100, and 95 alleles, with average numbers of 3.20, 3.26, and 3.74 alleles per locus were observed, respectively, in Balkhi, Hashtnagri, and Michni population. Mean observed heterozygosity was 0.402 in Balkhi, 0.416 in Hashtnagri, and 0.522 in Michni population. All the three sheep populations showed significantly high inbreeding. Michni population was found to be in mutation drift equilibrium, showing the absence of genetic bottleneck. The data of Balkhi and Hashtnagri indicated the presence of genetic bottleneck in these populations. These results suggest a moderate level of genetic diversity within Michni population that may be useful for breed improvement programs. Hashtnagri and Balkhi populations having low within breed genetic variability may contain some valuable characteristics that need to be conserved.

Characterization of some Egyptian Sheep Populations Using Microsatellite and Protein Markers

“…While, in El-Dakhla sheep population ranged from 0.039 (for BM1314 in allele 133 and 172) to 0.385 (for BM8125 in allele 78), Also, in El-Farafra sheep population ranged from 0.024 (for BM757 in allele 210) to 0.175 (for OarHH47 in allele 49) as shown in table 2. In Hashtnagri sheep the frequency of null alleles ranged from 0.017 (BM1329) to.959 OarCP38 and in Michni population null alleles were found at highest frequency at six loci ranged from 0.001 (BM8125) to 0.830 (ILSTS5) by (Ibrahim et al, 2010). El-Sayed et al, (2017) reported that the highest allele frequency for overall loci was 1.00 for allele 244 at locus CSRD247 in the case of Damascus goat breed and the lowest one was 0.0500 associated with Farafra goat population at locus TCRVB6 (for alleles 210 and 240).…”

“…While, the allele numbers were lower than those reported by ozerov et al, (2008) out line that in all, 233 alleles were found across the 20 microsatellite loci and the number of alleles at the locus varied from 6 (OarCP34) to 17 (BM4621, CSSM31, and OarFCB304) with an average value of 12 in sheep of the four Kazakh breeds. Ibrahim et al, (2010) reported that number of 119 alleles across 31 SSR loci in three sheep populations was identified from three breeds Balkhi, Hashtnagri and Michni.…”

“…Results revealed thirty four are common alleles and seventy one specific alleles across six loci in three sheep populations (Siwa, Dakhla and Farafra). Ibrahim et al (2010) reported that three sheep populations shared a considerable number (76%) of alleles. A total number of 91 alleles were participate among the three breeds;o Balkhi, Hashtnagri and Michni sheep with a mean of 2.9, ranging from 0 (OarCP38) to 6 (OarFCB304).…”

“…For Siwa sheep population 13 alleles ranged from one in BM757 to 5 in BM827 and 21 ranged from one in BM757 to 8 in BM827 for Dakhla sheep population specific alleles were observed, while 37 ones were obtained in the case of Farafra sheep population ranged from one in BM8125 to 14 in OarHH47. Ibrahim et al (2010) reported that Michni carried 12 unique alleles, whereas Balkhi (BM1329) and Hashtnagri (OarFCB304) carried one each across all loci, BM1329 was the most mutated locus, yielded three unique alleles in Michni population, Among others loci, BM8125, HUJ616 yielded two unique alleles, BM1824, MAF65, OarCP38, OarFCB20 and YMS1 yielded one unique allele each in Michni population. El-Sayed et al, (2016) detected that Farafra goats 8 specific alleles with a mean value of 0.8 while 12 were obtained in Siwa goat populations with a mean of 1.2.…”

“…Sheep breed in Egypt had many types, which were divided into Rahmani, Ossimi, and Barki depending on some features such as the production of meat, dairy and wool, and the number of sheep exceeded about 4 million heads (Galal et al, 2005). Simple sequences repeat (SSR) markers are useful method to determine the genetics relationships and morphological traits within and between the native sheep breads (Chen et al, 2009;Ibrahim, 2010;Visser et al, 2011 andEl-Sayed et al, 2016). Simple sequence repeats and proteins electrophoretic techniques have been increasingly used to as markers to characterize the genetic variability between and within populations and allowed to these methods to determine the genetic diversity (kayali et al, 2012 andThiruvenkadan et al, 2014).…”