Genetic overlap between personality and risk for disordered gambling: Evidence from a national community-based Australian twin study.

Slutske, Wendy S.; Cho, Seung Bin; Piasecki, Thomas M.; Martin, Nicholas G.

doi:10.1037/a0029999

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In fact, a history of childhood ODD appeared to be a better predictor of later gambling involvement and disorder than the age of gambling initiation, and the within-twin effect was consistent with a potentially causal relation. This finding aligns with previous research in which we demonstrated that two components of negative emotionality, alienation and aggression, were the aspects of personality that were the most strongly associated with the genetic risk for disordered gambling (Slutske et al, 2013) and a prospective study linking disordered gambling in adulthood to behavioral observations of being willful, emotionally labile, and negativistic as a three-year-old child (Slutske et al, 2012). The link between childhood ODD and adult gambling behavior clarifies the relation between negative emotionality and disordered gambling in adulthood, suggesting that it may not be completely a consequence of gambling difficulties contributing to negative emotionality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Test of a potential causal influence of earlier age of gambling initiation on gambling involvement and disorder: A multilevel discordant twin design.

Slutske¹,

Deutsch²,

Richmond‐Rakerd³

et al. 2014

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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The premise that an association between an earlier age of gambling initiation and the later development of disordered gambling is causal has not yet been empirically examined. The current study used a multi-level discordant twin design to examine the nature of this association. Participants were 3,546 same-sex twins (mean age = 37.7 years) from the Australian Twin Registry who completed a telephone interview that included an extensive assessment of gambling and related behaviors. Multilevel models were employed to estimate individual (within-twin-pair comparison) and family-level (between-twin-pair comparison) effects, as well as the cross-level interaction between these effects. Family-level effects (genetic or environmental factors shared by family members) of age of gambling initiation robustly predicted later adult gambling frequency and disorder; the evidence for individual-level effects (unique factors not shared by family members, including a potentially causal effect of earlier age of gambling onset) was less robust. The results of this study suggest that the relation between earlier age of gambling initiation and later gambling involvement and disorder is primarily non-causal; efforts to delay the onset of gambling among young people may not necessarily reduce the number who later go on to develop gambling-related problems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Test of a potential causal influence of earlier age of gambling initiation on gambling involvement and disorder: A multilevel discordant twin design.

Slutske¹,

Deutsch²,

Richmond‐Rakerd³

et al. 2014

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…However, the correlations presented in Table 2 establish that, for the most part, the correlations obtained for the narrower and broader definitions of DG were similar. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that the strength of the associations between continuous personality dimensions and a categorical DG phenotype were comparable whether the cutoff used was 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more symptoms of DSM-IV DG (Slutske et al, 2013), suggesting that results using the 1+ DG symptom cutoff will probably be similar to results that would have been obtained using a higher cutoff.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Shared Genetic Vulnerability for Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder in Men and Women: Evidence from a National Community-Based Australian Twin Study

et al. 2013

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Disordered gambling (DG) will soon be included along with the substance use disorders in a revised diagnostic category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 called ‘Substance Use and Addictive Disorders’. This was premised in part on the common etiologies of DG and the substance use disorders. Using data from the national community-based Australian Twin Registry, we used biometric model fitting to examine the extent to which the genetic liabilities for DG and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were shared, and whether this differed for men and women. The effect of using categorical versus dimensional DG and AUD phenotypes was explored, as was the effect of using diagnoses based on the DSM-IV and the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The genetic correlations between DG and AUD ranged from 0.29 to 0.44. There was a significantly larger genetic correlation between DG and AUD among men than women when using dimensional phenotypes. Overall, about one-half to two-thirds of the association between DG and AUD was due to a shared genetic vulnerability. This study represents one of the few empirical demonstrations of an overlap in the genetic risk for DG and another substance-related addictive disorder. More research is needed on the genetic overlap between DG and other substance use disorders, as well as the genetic overlap between DG and other (non-substance-related) psychiatric disorders.

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“…Known as the gender-as-proxy hypothesis, researchers suggest that while gender uniquely contributes to gambling patterns, gendered explanations often fail to specify the underlying mechanisms for these differences [51–53]. For example, researchers have argued that while studies show men to be more at risk of problem gambling, this increased risk is not due to their genetic make-up but more accurately relates to an individual’s demographic, economic and health-related factors [54, 55]. Therefore, exploring the psychosocial factors that are associated with gender are more constructive to understanding gambling behaviour in order to develop effective preventative and treatment approaches [51–53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women and gambling-related harm: a narrative literature review and implications for research, policy, and practice

et al. 2019

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Background: While the prevalence of women's participation in gambling is steadily increasing, there is a wellrecognised male bias in gambling research and policy. Few papers have sought to synthesise the literature relating to women and gambling-related harm and provide practical suggestions to guide future research, policy, and practice which take into account the specific nuances associated with women's gambling. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted to review the evidence base on women's gambling behaviours and experiences of harm. Drawing from strategies used effectively in other areas of public health, key elements for a gendered approach to harm prevention were identified and adapted into practical public health research, policy and practice strategies. Results: Results indicated a lack of research that explores women's gambling. Few studies have examined the impact of gambling on the lives of women, with limited understanding of the factors that influence women's engagement with gambling products, and the impact of industry tactics. A gendered approach was identified as a strategy used successfully in other areas of public health to shift the focus onto women and to ensure they are considered in research. In tobacco control, increasing trends in women's smoking behaviour were combatted with targeted research, policy and practical initiatives. These key elements were adapted to create a conceptual framework for reducing and preventing gambling harm in women. The framework provides regulatory direction and a research agenda to minimise gambling-related harm for women both in Australia and internationally. Evidence-based policies should be implemented to focus on the influence of gender and associated factors to address gambling-related harm. Practical interventions must take into account how women conceptualise and respond to gambling risk in order to develop specific harm prevention programs which respond to their needs. Conclusion: A gendered approach to gambling harm prevention shifts the focus onto the unique factors associated with women's gambling and specific ways to prevent harm. As seen in other areas of public health, such a framework enables harm measures, policies, and interventions to be developed that are salient to girls and women's lives, experiences and circumstances.

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Genetic overlap between personality and risk for disordered gambling: Evidence from a national community-based Australian twin study.

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Test of a potential causal influence of earlier age of gambling initiation on gambling involvement and disorder: A multilevel discordant twin design.

Test of a potential causal influence of earlier age of gambling initiation on gambling involvement and disorder: A multilevel discordant twin design.

Shared Genetic Vulnerability for Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder in Men and Women: Evidence from a National Community-Based Australian Twin Study

Women and gambling-related harm: a narrative literature review and implications for research, policy, and practice

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