Test of a potential causal influence of earlier age of gambling initiation on gambling involvement and disorder: A multilevel discordant twin design.

Slutske, Wendy S.; Deutsch, Arielle R.; Richmond‐Rakerd, Leah S.; Chernyavskiy, Pavel; Statham, Dixie J.; Martin, Nicholas G.

doi:10.1037/a0035356

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We examined whether there were differences between men and women in the age that they first gambled, the time until they gambled regularly for the first time, the time until they experienced the first symptom of DG, and the time until the first onset of a DG diagnosis. Building on previous research demonstrating that an early age of gambling initiation 17–19 , type of gambling activity 20 , and co-occurring psychiatric disorder 18,20–21 are associated with an increased risk of developing DG, we also examined whether these factors would predict a shorter time to the onset of gambling disorder and potentially account for any observed gender differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telescoping and gender differences in the time course of disordered gambling: evidence from a general population sample

et al. 2014

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Background and aim The course of disordered gambling in women has been described as “telescoped” compared with that in men, with a later age at initiation of gambling but shorter times from initiation to disorder. This study examined the evidence, for the first time, for such a telescoping effect in a general population rather than a treatment-seeking sample. Method Participants in a large community-based Australian twin cohort (2,001 men, 2,662 women) were assessed by structured diagnostic telephone interviews in which they reported the ages at which they had attained various gambling milestones and additional information to be used as covariates (the types of gambling in which they had participated and history of symptoms of alcohol dependence, major depression, and adult antisocial behavior). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine differences between men and women in the time from gambling initiation to the first disordered gambling symptom and a diagnosis of disordered gambling. Results Men had a higher hazards than women for the time to the first disordered gambling symptom (HR = 3.13, p < .0001) and to a diagnosis of disordered gambling (HR = 2.53, p < .0001). These differences persisted after controlling for covariates. Earlier age of initiation was the most potent predictor of progression to the first symptom. Conclusions When assessed at the general population level, female gamblers do not appear to show a telescoped disordered gambling trajectory compared with male gamblers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telescoping and gender differences in the time course of disordered gambling: evidence from a general population sample

et al. 2014

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“…One investigation found that gambling behaviors were significantly more heritable in young men than young women (Beaver et al, 2010), whereas another found no sex differences in genetic and environmental influences in a young adult twin sample (Blanco, Myers, & Kendler, 2012). A follow-up study of the same sample suggested that there was no evidence for sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on gambling etiology and family environmental factors explained individual differences in gambling involvement (Slutske & Richmond-Rakerd, 2014). An adolescent twin study by Winters and Rich (2003) failed to find any effects of genetic factors on girls’ gambling behaviors compared to a significant influence of genetics on boys’ gambling, suggesting a sex difference in etiology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental origins of gambling behaviors from ages 18 to 25: A longitudinal twin family study.

King¹,

Keyes²,

Winters³

et al. 2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Gambling behaviors tend to increase in prevalence from late adolescence to young adulthood, and the underlying genetic and environmental influences during this period remain largely understudied. We examined the genetic and environmental influences on gambling behaviors contributing to stability and change from ages 18 to 25 in a longitudinal, behavioral genetic mixed-sex twin study design. Participants were enrolled in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. A range of gambling behaviors (maximum frequency, average frequency, money lost and gambling problems) were assessed at ages 18 and 25. The results of our study support the following conclusions: 1) the genetic and environmental factors impacting a range of gambling behaviors are largely similar in men and women, 2) genetic factors increase in influence from 18 to 25 (21% at age 18 to 57% at age 25), 3) shared environmental factors are influential at age 18, but tend to decrease from ages 18 to 25 (55% at age 18 to 10% at age 25), and 4) non-shared environmental influences are similarly significant and are small to moderate in magnitude at both ages. The findings add to a small, yet important research area regarding determinants of youth gambling behaviors and have the potential to inform prevention and intervention efforts.

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“…Second, data on many of the independent variables in our study were self-reported and may possibly be inaccurate such as when asked about age at first smartphone use, time spent and reason for using smartphone during a weekday. Third, other factors known to associate with younger age at first use and the development of smartphone addiction were not controlled for, such as particular individual personality characteristics like impulsivity (Dalbudak & Evren, 2014;Kim et al, 2015), disruptive behavior problem (Dalbudak & Evren, 2014;Slutske et al, 2014), and family environment (Slutske et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orsal, Orsal, Unsal, & Ozalp (2013) found internet addiction median scores to be significantly higher in those who started internet use at an earlier age (≤9 vs. 10-12 vs. ≥13 years) in Turkish university students (n=3442, mean age=17.6 years). Slutske et al (2014) revealed an inverse association between earlier age of initiation of gambling during childhood and adolescence and the likelihood of gambling disorder in adulthood. Sahin, Ozdemir, Unsal, & Temiz (2013) showed problematic mobile phone use to be statistically significantly associated with younger age at first mobile phone use (≤13 vs. ≥16 years) in Turkish university students (n=576, mean age= 20.8 years).…”

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Is Smartphone Addiction Associated with a Younger Age at First Use in University Students?

Jaalouk¹,

Boumosleh²

2018

GJHS

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Background: Recent evidence highlighted the potential of habitual smartphone use among youth to become an addiction analogous to established behavioral and substance-related addictions. While investigators revealed independent predictive effects of several sociodemographic factors, personality traits, psychological conditions, and smartphone usage patterns on smartphone addiction (SPA) in university students, none examined the independent effect of age at first smartphone use, a potential predictor variable, on subsequent development of SPA.Objective: This study aims to examine the independent association between age at first smartphone use and SPA score in a sample of 688 Lebanese undergraduate university students.Methods: A random sample of 688 undergraduate students selected from Notre Dame University, Lebanon filled out survey forms that included a) questions on socio-demographics, academics, smartphone use, personality type, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle habits; b) 26-item Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) Scale. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the independent association between age at first use and SPA level. Results:Mean age at first smartphone use was about 15 years. Younger age at first use of smartphone was found to be significantly associated with several SPA symptoms and correlated with higher total SPAI score. In the unadjusted regression model, higher total SPAI scores were found to be significantly associated with younger age at first smartphone use. This association remained significant in the partially adjusted model, but disappeared in the fully adjusted one when controlling additionally for smartphone use habits. Conclusion:Younger age at smartphone use did not independently predict SPA in this sample of students.

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Test of a potential causal influence of earlier age of gambling initiation on gambling involvement and disorder: A multilevel discordant twin design.

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Telescoping and gender differences in the time course of disordered gambling: evidence from a general population sample

Telescoping and gender differences in the time course of disordered gambling: evidence from a general population sample

Genetic and environmental origins of gambling behaviors from ages 18 to 25: A longitudinal twin family study.

Is Smartphone Addiction Associated with a Younger Age at First Use in University Students?

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