Genetic Factors and the Risk of Periodontitis Development: Findings from a Systematic Review Composed of 13 Studies of Meta-Analysis with 71,531 Participants

Abstract

Purpose. This work aimed to synthesize the results of recent meta-analysis focusing on polymorphism in inflammatory mediators and its relation with the risk of periodontitis development. Materials and Methods. A systematic search was conducted using databases for publications prior to October 2016. Three examiners extracted data from articles with a clear association between polymorphisms in the inflammatory mediator gene and the development of periodontitis through meta-analysis using the fixed or randomized statistical models to calculate the Odds Ratio with values of P < 0.05 considered significant. Results. A total of 13 meta-analysis articles with 25 polymorphisms in seven interleukins (IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18), three cellular receptors (Fcγ receptors: FCGR2A, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B), and five inflammatory mediators (COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9), with a total of 71,531 participants, approaching different classifications of the disease. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that polymorphisms in the IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-3 (chronic form), and MMP-9 (chronic form) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of developing periodontitis, whereas other polymorphisms in the IL-4, IL-8, IL-18, Fcγ, COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-3 (aggressive), MMP-8, and MMP-9 (aggressive) polymorphisms had no significant association with risk of developing periodontitis.

Genes Regulating Immune Response and Amelogenesis Interact in Increasing the Susceptibility to Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization

“…Polymorphisms of many interleukin genes have been significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease [da Silva et al, 2017;Finoti et al, 2017], while variations in the TNFA and IL6 genes have been reported to contribute to the development of otitis media, as such genetic changes may result in alteration of the production of these cytokines, consequently leading to an altered inflammatory response and contributing to disease development [Emonts et al, 2007].…”

Association Between Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 −1607 1g/2g Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis in Indonesian Population

“…Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease; aside from interaction between periodontal pathogens and host immunoinflammatory response, genetic factors may be associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease [2,3]. The loss of clinical attachment (CAL) in periodontitis is caused by the destruction of periodontal tissues initiated by group(s) of Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria that colonize the subgingival [4].…”

“…Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting dental tissue that is initiated by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms, ultimately causing periodontal apparatus destruction by means of loss of clinical attachment (CAL) [1][2][3][4]. In addition, we have investigated the prevalence of periodontal diseases in Indonesia, finding that chronic periodontitis was the most common form of periodontal disease at 75.2%; a weak positive correlation was found between age and chronic periodontitis [5].…”

Obesity and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review on Current Evidence and Putative Molecular Links

“…IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine active in immune response against microbial agents. IL-1 induces chemokines and prostaglandins secretion, together with metalloproteinases production, enhancing, in turn, tissue destruction [57].…”