Genetic Diversity of Prolactin Gene in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) as Affected by Location in Nigeria

Abstract

Restriction fragment length Polymorphism (RFLP) marker was used to investigate the effect of location on polymorphism, relationship and population structure with respect to prolactin gene (PRL gene) in Japanese quails in Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from thirty quails each from 5 different regions (North, South, West, East and North Central), for PRL loci analysis. DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was used to characterize a 24 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (Indel) in a 358 bp PCR product. The populations were characterized for their genetic variability using allele frequencies, polymorphic information content, observed heterozygosity (Ho), genetic distance (D), F-statistics (F IT , F IS , F ST ), analysis of molecular variance, test for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (H-WE) and cluster analysis. Two alleles A (0.35 to 0.63) and B (0.37 to 0.65) were observed at the PRL gene loci. The highest F IT was recorded between 0.10 (East) and 0.19 (North) indicating inbreeding within the population. The F IS Original Research Articleamong populations were between 0.09 (North central) and 0.14 (North) while F ST ranged from 0.001 (North central) to 0.06 (North), indicating moderate genetic differentiation among populations. Chi Square result indicated that the population were not in H-WE. The phylogenetic relationships showed that the population from the 5 regions had common descent. Clusters from the combined population showed that PRL gene is based on individual genotype and not location. AMOVA analysis showed that 3% of the total genetic variation was explained by population difference, 19% by variation among individuals and 77% within individuals. The results showed that study of prolactin gene diversity is useful for decision making for selective breeding and conservation strategies for Japanese quails irrespective of the location.

A 24 BP Indel Prolactin Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Some Reproductive Traits in Color Dual-Purpose VLV Hens in Southern Vietnam

“…Two alleles (D and I) and three genotypes were observed as II (insertion of segment of 24 bp), DD (deletion of segment of 24 bp), and ID (insertion/deletion of segment of 24 bp). Several previous studies also successfully amplified the target gene in the promoter region of the prolactin gene in chicken ( Jiang et al, 2005;Cui et al, 2006;Alipanah et al, 2011;Dementieva et al, 2020;Yadav et al, 2018;Ahmadi et al, 2019) and in quail or geese (Yousefi et al, 2012;Eichie et al, 2016;Tang et al, 2021) concurring with our results. The sequence analysis results are shown in Figure 3, indicating that mutation at this locus formed two alleles (D and I).…”

“…In poultry, several candidate genes have been identified showing polymorphism associated with egg production. The prolactin (PRL) gene has important functions in birds, specifically in egg production in chicken (Li et al, 2009;Rowshan et al, 2012;Wilkanowska et al, 2014;Brijendra et al, 2018;Roy et al, 2020;Manoharan et al, 2021;Rohmah et al, 2022), duck (Wang et al, 2011;Chuekwon and Boonlum, 2017;Ghanem et al, 2017;Astuti, 2019;Sabry et al, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2023), goose (Ma et al, 2015;Tang et al, 2021), and quail (Yousefi et al, 2012;Lotfi et al, 2013;Eichie et al, 2016). In chicken, the size of the prolactin gene is 9.536 bp and comprises three parts as (i) three promoters (Kansaku, 2000), (ii) five exons (Ohkubo et al, 1998;Miao et al, 1999;Cui et al, 2004), and (iii) four introns (Dhara and Soller, 1999;Au and Leung, 2002).…”

Short Communication: Prolactin and x-collagen genes polymorphism in Central Javanese local ducks, Indonesia

“…The alleles frequencies in singlelocus change from generation to generation caused by growing population. The changing frequency occurs because of the growing population increasing opportunity of panmixia (random mating) among population members in low migration circumstances (Eichie 2018).…”

“…The alleles frequency of one single locus and its equilibrium may change because of independent segregation and assortment. This change occurs due to large population sizes with fewer individual migrations and random fertilization (Eichie 2018).…”