Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> Isolates Obtained from Korean <i>Panax ginseng</i>

Song, Jeong Young; Seo, Mun Won; Kim, Sun Ick; Nam, Myeong Hyeon; Lim, Hyoun–Sub; Kim, Hong Gi

doi:10.5941/myco.2014.42.2.174

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because rusty root has severely threatened the sustainable development of the P. ginseng industry, numerous studies have investigated the relationship between soil microbes and rusty roots; however, most studies have considered only one or two pathogenic fungi that are involved in the occurrence of rusty root in P. ginseng, such as Alternaria panax Whetz. [55] and Cylindrocarpon destructans [56]. In addition, Li et al [57] showed that relative abundances of putative pathogens, such as Fusarium, Gibberella, and Nectriaceae_unclassified, were higher in fields treated with phenolic acids than in those of P. ginseng consecutive monoculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root rot diseases of P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolius are due primarily to two species of Fusarium, F. solani, and F. oxysporum [62,63]; moreover, a soilborne pathogenic fungus of the genus Cylindrocarpon, C. destructans, can cause primary root rot or rusty root symptoms in ginseng (P. ginseng and P. notoginseng) [55,64]. A pathogenic species of the genus Alternaria, A. panax Whetz, causes Alternaria panax disease, one of the most commonly occurring and harmful diseases in ginseng (P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius) [13,56]. In contrast, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces species causing rusty root in P. ginseng.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Wei

Wang

Cao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected P. ginseng than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected P. ginseng, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including Rhodomicrobium, Knoellia, Nakamurella, Asticcacaulis, and Actinomadura) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected P. ginseng, whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including Xenopolyscytalum, Arthrobotrys, Chalara, Cryptococcus, and Scutellinia) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (Cylindrocarpon, Acrophialophora, Alternaria, Doratomyces, and Fusarium) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces in the rhizosphere of P. ginseng may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of P. ginseng.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Wei

Wang

Cao

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Cabral et al (2012) renamed the Nectria/Neonectria radicicola (including C. destructans) complex as Ilyonectria radicicola complex, and reclassified the fungi in this complex into 15 species under the genus Ilyonectria. In particular, highly virulent I. radicicola isolates of P. ginseng (IFO31881, IFO31882, NSAC SH1, and NSAC SH2.5) were included in I. mors-panacis (Song et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling of Dominant Fungal Pathogens Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax notoginseng Based on Multiple Methods

Yang

Rao

et al. 2017

Plant Disease

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Root rot is an important disease hampering the sustainable cultivation of Panax notoginseng. Culture-dependent and independent techniques were used to elucidate the dominant fungal pathogen of rusty root rot of P. notoginseng. Based on Illumina sequencing profiles for fungi using ITS primers, five phyla—namely Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota—were identified, and the analyses showed that the Ascomycota was the dominant phylum (∼50 to 97%), especially in the symptomatic samples. Out of 226 total genera identified, seven genera had over 1% average abundance, including Ilyonectria, Fusarium, Tetracladium, Cladosporium, Rhizophagus, Alternaria, and Perisporiopsis. However, only Ilyonectria was the predominant genera in the symptomatic samples (∼76 to 80%), while the others, including Fusarium, had higher abundances in asymptomatic samples. Based on in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity, the isolate G3B was demonstrated to be the pathogen causing rusty root rot of P. notoginseng, and it was identified as Ilyonectria mors-panacis. Based on primers F2-R2 targeting the His3 gene of Ilyonectria, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed as an additional proof confirming that I. mors-panacis was the dominant pathogen in the symptomatic samples during the years of the study (2014-2015).

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“…Researchers studied the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of C . destructans [ 4 , 9 ]. However, the P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Resistance Genes of Panax ginseng Induced by Cylindrocarpon destructans Infection Using RNA-Seq

Gao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a highly valued medicinal plant. Cylindrocarpon destructans is a destructive pathogen that causes root rot and significantly reduces the quality and yield of P. ginseng. However, an efficient method to control root rot remains unavailable because of insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying C. destructans-P. ginseng interaction. In this study, C. destructans-induced transcriptomes at different time points were investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). De novo assembly produced 73,335 unigenes for the P. ginseng transcriptome after C. destructans infection, in which 3,839 unigenes were up-regulated. Notably, the abundance of the up-regulated unigenes sharply increased at 0.5 d postinoculation to provide effector-triggered immunity. In total, 24 of 26 randomly selected unigenes can be validated using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these unigenes showed that “defense response to fungus”, “defense response” and “response to stress” were enriched. In addition, differentially expressed transcription factors involved in the hormone signaling pathways after C. destructans infection were identified. Finally, differentially expressed unigenes involved in reactive oxygen species and ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway during C. destructans infection were indentified. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the dynamic transcriptome triggered by C. destructans. These results improve our understanding of disease resistance in P. ginseng and provide a useful resource for quick detection of induced markers in P. ginseng before the comprehensive outbreak of this disease caused by C. destructans.

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Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon destructans Isolates Obtained from Korean Panax ginseng

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots

Unveiling of Dominant Fungal Pathogens Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax notoginseng Based on Multiple Methods

Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Resistance Genes of Panax ginseng Induced by Cylindrocarpon destructans Infection Using RNA-Seq

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