Genetic diversity among Spanish pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces, pea cultivars and the World Pisum sp. core collection assessed by retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphisms (RBIPs)

Abstract

A total of 122 accessions of different wild and cultivated Pisum sp. were analysed using retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphisms (RBIP) markers. The Pisum materials included wild and cultivated (landraces and cultivars) materials from the World core collection of the John Innes Centre (JI) representing all generally recognized Pisum taxa, landraces materials from the Spanish core collection, and commercial pea cultivars largely sown in Spain. The overall polymorphism detected by RBIP marker was high and all accessions, except two pairs, could be distinguished by their marker pattern. Principal component and phylogenetic analyses clearly discriminated P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum samples from both each other and P. sativum, while P. elatius and P. humile samples were scattered among the other taxa clusters, supporting the existence of three well defined taxa in the genus Pisum (P. abyssinicum, P. fulvum and P. sativum). These results also suggest that the Spanish pea core collection of landraces maintains a relatively high variability which is only partially represented in cultivars generally sown in Spain. Thus, Spanish landraces are still a source of genetic variability for breeding new pea cultivars.Additional key words: genetic resources, Pisum abyssinicum, Pisum fulvum, Pisum sativum, RBIP markers. ResumenDiversidad genética en variedades locales y cultivares españoles de guisante (Pisum sativum L.) y en la colección nuclear mundial de Pisum estimada mediante polimorfismo de inserción de retrotransposones (RBIP)Se ha estudiado un total de 122 accesiones silvestres y cultivadas de Pisum sp. usando marcadores basados en polimorfismos de inserción de retrotransposones (RBIP). Las accesiones de Pisum incluyen materiales silvestres y cultivados (cultivares y variedades locales) de la colección nuclear mundial del John Innes Centre (JI) representando a todos los taxones generalmente reconocidos de Pisum, variedades locales de la colección nuclear española, y por úl-timo algunas variedades comerciales de guisante ampliamente cultivadas en España. Para el análisis genético se usaron 18 loci RBIP. El polimorfismo general detectado con los marcadores RBIP fue alto y todas las muestras, excepto dos pares, pudieron ser identificadas por un patrón particular de marcadores. Análisis de componentes principales y filogenéticos discriminaron claramente P. fulvum y P. abyssinicum entre ellas y de P. sativum, mientras que las muestras de P. humile y P. elatius se mezclaban con las de otros taxones en distintos grupos. Esto apoya la existencia de tres especies en el género Pisum (P. abyssinicum, P. fulvum y P. sativum). Los resultados indican que la colección nuclear española de guisante mantiene una variabilidad relativamente elevada que está sólo parcialmente representada en los cultivares generalmente sembrados en España. Por tanto, las variedades locales españolas representan aún una fuente de variabilidad genética para la mejora de nuevos cultivares.

Analysis of variability and phylogeny in pisum (Pisum spp.) using digital phenotyping and morphological traits

“…sativum, while distances to the "wild" subspecies of P. sativum (transcaucasicum and jomardii) were the smallest found (3.55 and 3.16 respectively). This fact supports the model proposed by Martin-Sanz et al (2011), Smýkal et al (2011 and Kosterin and Bogdanova (2008) of a paraphyletic group, P. sativum subsp. elatius, within which all P. sativum are nested.…”

“…Some examples of these are the investigations performed by Vershinin et al (2003), who studied the genetic structure and evolutionary history of the genus using SequenceSpecific Amplification Polymorphism (SSAP) markers; Ellis et al (2005) concluded that the exceptional DNA polymorphism within this genus is associated with recent genome expansion; Jing et al (2007) analysed sequence diversity of 39 dispersed gene loci and concluded that the different genes show large variation in diversity parameters, suggesting widely differing levels of selection and a high overall diversity level for the species. Martin-Sanz et al (2011) analysed accessions of different wild and cultivated Pisum sp. using retrotransposonbased insertion polymorphisms (RBIP) markers and found that landraces maintain a relatively high variability which is only partially represented in cultivars generally sown in Spain and are still a source of genetic variability for breeding new pea cultivars.…”

DNA based iPBS-retrotransposon markers for investigating the population structure of pea (Pisum sativum) germplasm from Turkey

“…We have evaluated here the iPBS-retrotransposon variability in a Turkish pea collection and some breeding lines. In the last decade, some research groups have studied the genetic diversity and relatedness in field pea by means of different DNA based molecular markers (Jing et al, 2007;Martin-Sanz et al, 2011;Ali et al, 2007;Jain et al, 2014;Ahmad et al, 2012;Kumari et al, 2013). Ahmad et al (2012) studied the genetic diversity among 35 pea accessions from Canada using microsattelite markers and found that 15 microsatellites were found to be polymorphic, amplifying a total of 41 alleles and were able to differentiate all 35 Pisum genotypes.…”

Molecular characterization of edible pea through EST-SSR markers

“…It has been reported that Turkish pea revealed 6.1 average alleles per SSR locus (Sarıkamış et al, 2010). Similarly, 2 to 4 alleles per locus were reported in Spanish pea landraces (Martin-Sanz et al, 2011). Using SSR markers, Hagenblad et al (2014) reported 5 to 10 alleles in the Swedish garden pea.…”