Genetic divergences between Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) genotypes found through morphological traits

Abstract

Abstract:The species Spondias mombin, is native to the Amazonian region. Since these trees' cultivation is incipient, their exploitation is done through extraction techniques. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic divergences between S. mombin genotypes and to quantify the relative contribution from 12 morphological traits of the species' fruits and seeds, as well as to collect data able to subsidize future research on the species conservation and domestication. 60 genotypes were assessed in total, and ten fruits of each genotype were analyzed. Eight descriptors were used for fruit characterization, namely: fruit mass, pulp weight, volume, length, width, thickness, total soluble solids content and hydrogenionic potential. The seed descriptors were mass, length, width and thickness. The data were assessed through the principal components and groupings by applying the UPGMA and Tocher methods. They were analyzed in the GENES software, based on the dissimilarity matrix (Euclidean distance average). The analysis applied to the principal components showed that the first three components explained 83 % accumulated variation. The main traits contributing to the genotype discrimination were fruit width, fruit pulp weight, pH, seed length and thickness, and the most responsive traits to S. mombin genotype selection. The features fruit mass, seed width, fruit thickness, fruit volume, fruit length, seed mass and total soluble solid content presented the smallest contribution to diversity. The grouping methods UPGMA and Tocher evidenced genetic divergence between the analyzed genotypes. Genotypes 37 and 41 were more divergent than the others, what makes them promising for crossings in future genetic enhancement programs focused on the species' domestication. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (4): 1337-1346. Epub 2017 December 01.

The Spondias mombin (Anarcadiaceae): molecular characterization and conservation

“…An example of this is the presence of local common alleles that indicate adaptation to specific environments. Furthermore, a study of genetic divergence between S. mombin genotypes through morphological characteristics carried out by Silva et al (2017a) in the region where the AF, MR and NA populations are located has already demonstrated the potential of some sampled genotypes for use in breeding, due to the presence of variation in traits of interest. These data reinforce the importance of maintaining the genetic diversity of the populations studied.…”

“…For S. mombin, the assembly of the complete chloroplast genome (Santos & Almeida, 2019) and its mitochondria (Martins et al, 2019) has already been obtained. The genetic diversity of S. mombin has been evaluated by means of isoenzymes (Gois et al, 2009), morphological traits of the fruits (Silva et al, 2017a), molecular markers, RAPD (Lima et al, 2011) and ISSR (Silva et al, 2017b). However, no studies are available regarding the diversity and genetic structure based on microsatellite molecular markers.…”

Genetic divergence between Brazilian Northern and Northeastern populations of Spondias mombin revealed with SNP markers

“…However, yellow mombin is still in the process of domestication and exploitation of this fruit is still carried out, in large part, through extractivism. Thus, studies regarding the characterization of this genetic resource are extremely important for advancing research involving the species (Silva et al 2017a).…”

Genômica populacional da cajazeira (>i<Spondias mombin>/i< L.)

“…No entanto, devido à falta de conhecimento técnico que ainda existe a respeito da domesticação do cajá, a exploração dessa frutífera ainda é realizada, em grande parte, por meio do extrativismo. Dessa forma, estudos a respeito da caracterização desse recurso genético são de extrema contribuição nos avanços de pesquisas envolvendo a espécie (Silva et al, 2017a).…”

“…Lima et al (2011), com base na técnica de RAPD, quantificaram a variação genética entre acessos de cajá pertencente à coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Meio-Norte e identificaram 68,8%de similaridade genética média entre os acessos avaliados. Mais recentemente,Silva et al (2017a) avaliaram a diversidade genética entre e dentro de populações naturais de cajazeira ocorrentes no Estado do Mato Grosso utilizando ISSR e observaram maior variação genética dentro de populações (77 %) Silva et al (2017b). estudaram a diversidade genética de S. mombin em três populações do norte do Mato Grosso com o uso de marcadores morfológicos dos frutos e das sementes e obtiveram resultados de dissimilaridade genética que variaram de 0,045 a 0,753.…”