Genetic Differentiation ofAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae), the Major Dengue Vector in Brazil

Abstract

In 2000, Brazil reported 180,137 cases of dengue, approximately 80% of the total in the Americas. However, little is known about gene flow among the vector populations in Brazil. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to study the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti in 15 populations from five states, with a range extending 2,800 km. An analysis of 47 polymorphic RAPD loci estimated gene flow at the macro- (different states) and micro- (different cities) geographical levels. Genetic polymorphism was high (H(S) = 0.274), and high levels of genetic differentiation existed both between different states (G(ST) = 0.317) and between cities or neighborhoods in each state (G(ST) = 0.085-0.265). These values are higher than those described for any other populations of A. aegypti.

Genetic structure of Aedes aegypti in the city of Córdoba (Argentina), a recently reinfested area

“…Values of expected H were similar to those found previously by de Sousa et al (2001) in several Argentine cities using only 17 RAPD loci. Likewise, levels of variability were similar to those found in other populations from Brazil (Ayres et al 2003, Paduan et al 2006), Puerto Rico (Apostol et al 1996) and Mexico (Gorrochotegui-Escalante et al 2000), using the same molecular markers. Rondán Dueñas (2005) reported that haplotype diversity values at the mitochondrial control region in Ae.…”

Population genetic structure of Aedes albopictus in Penang, Malaysia

“…In China, Peng et al (2012) reported the re-emergence of dengue in a city in southern China 2 decades after a traveler from Southeast Asia introduced A. albopictus. Thus, examining the population genetic structure is important for understanding the evolution of this species (Hewitt, 1983), which may lead to novel methods of controlling disease transmission (Ayres et al, 2003).…”

“…Currently, mosquito populations are being investigated at the molecular and behavioral levels using multi-markers (Ravel et al, 2002;Ayres et al, 2003;Herrera et al, 2006) to understand the epidemiology of disease transmission and to develop innovative strategies for controlling the vector (Bresford and Dobson, 2012). Different genetic markers have also been used to study the population genetic structure of A. albopictus, such as microsatellite loci (Kamgang et al, 2011) and mitochondrial DNA regions, including NAD dehydrogenase subunit 5 (Birungi and Munstermann, 2002;Usmani-Brown et al, 2009;Kamgang et al, 2011) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) (Kamgang et al, 2011).…”

Genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations determined using pairwise comparisons

“…DNA was extracted as described by Ayres et al (2003). Mosquitoes were homogenized individually in microtubes containing 400 µL lysis buffer (10 mM Tris, 0.4 M NaCl and 2 mM EDTA), 72 µL 10% SDS and 7 µL Proteinase K (10 mg/mL).…”

“…Extracted DNA was amplified as described by Williams et al (1990) including modifications indicated by Ayres et al (2003). PCR was carried out in a 30 µL-reaction mixture containing 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 50mM KCl, 0.2 mM each dNTP, 400 pM primers, 10 ng of mosquito DNA and 5U Taq polymerase, and PCR buffer and sterile ultrapure water in a variable volume.…”