Genetic differentiation in Littorina saxatilis (Gastropoda)

Population genetic structure of mussels from the Baltic Sea

“…Their value is similar to the mean values observed for comparisons between subspecies of other invertebrate taxa (Snyder & Gooch, 1973;Ayala et al, 1974;Avise, 1976). We are aware that the number of loci examined by us, compared to other studies, is low and that the inclusion of a larger and less variant sample of loci would no doubt yield larger estimates of genetic identity.…”

POPULATION GENETICS OFTIGRIOPUS CALIFORNICUS. II. DIFFERENTIATION AMONG NEIGHBORING POPULATIONS

“…Littorina littorea, a mid-intertidal species with planktonic larval development, showed little differentiation among geographically separated populations, while L. saxatilis (high intertidal) and L. obtusata (low intertidal), both without planktonic larvae, were significantly more differentiated. Snyder and Gooch (1973) obtained similar results in comparing population differentiation in L. saxatilis to Nassarius obsoletus, a species with long-lived planktonic larvae. Gooch (1975) and Crisp (1978) have reviewed some additional data concerning the relationship between dispersal ability (as measured by length of planktonic larval life) and genetic differentiation and have found it to be generally consistent with the inverse correlation observed by Berger: species with longlived planktonic larvae tend to be genetically homogeneous over broad geographic ranges, while species with short-lived larvae or direct development show some degree of genetic differentiation among neighboring populations.…”

Genetic analysis of ten polymorphic enzyme loci in Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia: Mollusca)

“…In recent years, several papers have been published concerning the extent of genetic differentiation within and between populations of several species of the genus Littorina (e.g., Snyder and Gooch, 1973;Berger, 1977;Ward and Warwick, 1980;Wilkins and O'Regan, 1980;Mastro et a!., 1982;Moyse et al, 1982;Janson and Ward, 1984;Ward and Janson, 1985), a genus which comprises an important group of marine intertidal molluscs. In these studies, the genetic nature of the observed enzyme variation has been inferred, explicitly or implicitly, either by comparison with zymogram patterns of other animal species where formal breeding studies have been carried out or by comparison of phenotype distributions with the genotype distributions expected for genes in Hardy-Weinberg equilibria.…”