Genetic analysis of ten polymorphic enzyme loci in Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia: Mollusca)

Ward, Robert; Warwick, Tom; Knight, Andrew

doi:10.1038/hdy.1986.113

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Standard procedures of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis and staining were applied as described by Ward & Warwick (1980) on fresh or frozen materials. The interpretation of the zymogram patterns assumed Mendelian inheritance, which had earlier been verified by breeding experiments for nearly all polymorphic enzymes of the present study (Ward et al 1986). The genetics, as well as the morphological characteristics of most populations of this study are further considered in the papers by Johannesson & Johannesson (1989a, b).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

Differences in allele frequencies of Aat between high- and mid-rocky shore populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) suggest selection in this enzyme locus

Johannesson¹,

Johannesson²

1989

Genet. Res.

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Differences in allele frequencies of Aat between high-and mid-rocky shore populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) suggest selection in this enzyme locus Summary Samples of the intertidal prosobranch Littorina saxatilis were collected along vertical transects from high-to mid-store levels at five different geographic locations of western Europe. Electrophoretic screening of ten metabolic enzymes revealed five highly polymorphic loci. Four of these showed no or few significant differences in allele frequencies between high-and mid-shore samples of Littorina saxatilis. The fifth locus, Aat (aspartate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1), showed clinal variation in allele frequencies over the few metres of each transect, suggesting that this locus, or a coupled locus, is under selection with a slow allele (Aat 100 ) favoured in mid-shore habitats and a faster allele (Aat 120 ) selected for in the high littoral fringe.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

Differences in allele frequencies of Aat between high- and mid-rocky shore populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) suggest selection in this enzyme locus

Johannesson¹,

Johannesson²

1989

Genet. Res.

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“…Janson & Ward (1984) have shown that there can be gene frequency differences within a species over short distances; this has been supported by several subsequent studies (e.g. Ward et al, 1986). Size frequency distributions and the shell morphology of populations of L. saxatilis have been shown to be affected by exposure (Janson & Sundberg, 1983), predation by crabs and birds (Pettitt, 1974;Hughes & Elner, 1979;Johannesson, 1986) and crevice availability (Raffaelli & Hughes, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Distribution, abundance and shell morphology of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) and Littorina arcana Hannaford Ellis at Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire

1990

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The distributions of the rough periwinkles L. saxatilis and L. arcana are considered in the northern half of Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire, England. The relative proportions of these two species at different sites have been determined, using the criterion of the female reproductive system for their identification. The commonest shell colour morphs are grey (both species) and orange-banded (L. saxatilis). Hence information has been obtained not only on the proportion of banded animals in the total population, but on the proportion of banded L. saxatilis.The northern end of the bay comprises a long, almost continuous, boulder field within which the proportion of L. arcana increases with greater exposure. Most of the boulder field comprises largely sandstone boulders but shale predominates at the most exposed site and, at the most sheltered site, which is separated from the rest of the boulder field by a short stretch of shingle, the boulders are exclusively shale. Banded morphs predominate in those regions where most of the boulders are sandstone but grey morphs predominate in the shale areas. A possible explanation for the distribution of these morphs is given in terms of gene flow. One site near the centre of the bay is unusual in that it contains L. arcana exclusively. However it comprises an artificial vertical substratum which is probably quite exposed.

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“…The heterozygote deficit observed in the present study for microsatellites is a common phenomenon in populations of marine mollusks (Zouros & Foltz 1984) and has been recurrently observed in Littorina saxatilis for allozyme and microsatellite loci (Ward et al 1986, Panova et al 2006 Table 2) to pooled samples (avg. F IS = 0.245, Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The combined influence of these water currents and ecological gradients is probably a major factor responsible for the position and maintenance of the genetic discontinuity. To our knowledge, the current study is the first showing a separation between northern and southern populations at Cape Finisterre, as this boundary has never before been recognized as a genetic barrier.The heterozygote deficit observed in the present study for microsatellites is a common phenomenon in populations of marine mollusks (Zouros & Foltz 1984) and has been recurrently observed in Littorina saxatilis for allozyme and microsatellite loci (Ward et al 1986, Panova et al 2006 Table 2) to pooled samples (avg. F IS = 0.245, Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The wide geographic range of this species, coupled with apparently limited dispersal opportunities, has led to a remarkable geographic and microgeographic differentiation (Reid 1996). Indeed, the species is very polymorphic in shell traits both within and between populations and shows strong population structure for allozymes, microsatellites and mtDNA (Ward et al 1986, Panova et al 2006, Quesada et al 2007). Several studies demonstrate a link between ecological adaptation, vertical and/or horizontal distribution, and microhabitat phenotypic differentiation (Rolán-Alvarez et al 2004, Grahame et al 2006, Quesada et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic discontinuity associated with an environmentally induced barrier to gene exchange in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis

Piñeira¹,

Quesada²,

Rolán‐Alvarez³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The geographical genetic structure of 7 populations of the intertidal marine snail Littorina saxatilis with limited dispersal was studied in NW Spain using 3 classes of genetic markers: 840 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci, 3 microsatellites, and 1 morphological trait (shell size). A sharp genetic division at Cape Finisterre, as evidenced by all 3 markers, delimits 2 regions. This genetic discontinuity coincides with an abrupt change in plankton composition, climate and oceanographic characteristics, suggesting that contemporary influences on gene flow associated with the presence of an ecological barrier maintain the genetic subdivision in NW Spain. However, the genetic structure also accords to some extent with an isolation-by-distance model despite the heterogeneous gene flow due to this ecological barrier. Microsatellites and shell size showed a strong and significant covariation in pairwise differences (F ST and Q ST ) among populations, but no correlation was found between these markers and AFLPs. Similarly, both microsatellites and shell size showed a higher differentiation between the 2 regions than within each region, but this pattern was reversed for AFLPs. Differences in genomic sampling error and homoplasy could account for the discrepancy between different kinds of markers. These results point to the possibility that other marine species may show a similar pattern of intra-specific genetic divergence in NW Spain. 357: 175-184, 2008 local adaptation. This snail lives in the intertidal zone along the Atlantic shores of Western Europe and North America, is ovoviviparous, feeds on the alga microflora and shows a low dispersal capability (1 to 3 m mo -1 ) that typically results in a pattern of isolation-bydistance (Reid 1996). The wide geographic range of this species, coupled with apparently limited dispersal opportunities, has led to a remarkable geographic and microgeographic differentiation (Reid 1996). Indeed, the species is very polymorphic in shell traits both within and between populations and shows strong population structure for allozymes, microsatellites and mtDNA (Ward et al. 1986, Panova et al. 2006, Quesada et al. 2007). Several studies demonstrate a link between ecological adaptation, vertical and/or horizontal distribution, and microhabitat phenotypic differentiation (Rolán-Alvarez et al. 2004, Grahame et al. 2006, Quesada et al. 2007). In many areas, morphologically distinct ecotypes coexist in sympatry or allopatry separated by only a few meters, each showing a significantly higher fitness in its own microhabitat (Rolán-Alvarez et al. 1997). KEY WORDS: Microsatellites · AFLPs · Quantitative traits · Gene flow · Q ST · F ST · Isolation by distance · Ecological barrier Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog SerThe NW coast of Spain (Fig. 1a) is characterized by fjord-like estuaries that represent discrete habitats isolated from each other by barriers to dispersal and environmental tolerance (Ríos et al. 19...

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Genetic analysis of ten polymorphic enzyme loci in Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia: Mollusca)

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Differences in allele frequencies of Aat between high- and mid-rocky shore populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) suggest selection in this enzyme locus

Differences in allele frequencies of Aat between high- and mid-rocky shore populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) suggest selection in this enzyme locus

Distribution, abundance and shell morphology of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) and Littorina arcana Hannaford Ellis at Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire

Genetic discontinuity associated with an environmentally induced barrier to gene exchange in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis

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