Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) viruses: confirmation of the presence of BVD genotype 2 in Africa

Ularamu, Hussaini; Sibeko, Kgomotso P.; Bosman, A; Venter, Estelle Hildegard; Vuuren, Moritz Van

doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1478-5

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The variation may reflect to some extent the importance and scale of cattle keeping in these areas compared to Asia and possibly the lower seroprevalence may be down to a lower cattle density in some parts of Asia. These estimates are similar to the others reported in the literature ( 12 , 13 , 66 ). Despite the range of seroprevalence across geographies, the overall high seroprevalence reported across LMICs suggests that there are likely inefficiencies in livestock production across these regions ( 4 , 67 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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IntroductionBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes reproductive inefficiencies and negatively impacts the economy of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is characterized by a combination of syndromes that result in poor production performance and calf morbidity and mortality. BVDV control is possible by introduction of biosecurity measures, test-and-cull, and vaccination programs as accomplished in high-income countries. Knowledge of BVDV epidemiology is limited in many LMICs, which hinders implementation of effective control programs. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the burden of BVDV, identify risk factors related to its occurrence, and health and economic impacts on production systems.Materials and MethodsRelevant BVD articles were collated from library databases; 690 abstracts and full texts were found in an initial search followed by filtering of 59 manuscripts. We accounted for quality and risk of bias in the meta-analysis. Prevalence, exposure, and current infection at regional, production, and farming system levels were estimated using logistic random-effects meta-regression models. Finally, we calculated the proportion of studies that addressed risk factors and health and economic impacts across different production systems to inform future preventative strategies in LMICs.ResultsSeroprevalence was high and varied between regions. Mean weighted prevalence was 39.5% (95% CI 25–56.1), 45.2% (95% CI 35.9–54.8), 49.9% (95% CI 25.5–74.3), and 21.6% (95% CI 0.5–56) for sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Middle East, and Asia, respectively. Seroprevalence varied across farming systems, with smallholder farming showing the highest values. Herdsize was the most frequently reported risk factor, and the percentage of articles that reported herdsize as a risk factor were 20.6%, 33.3%, and 38.4% for dairy, beef and mixed systems respectively. Abortion (13.7% of articles) was the main reported health impact in dairy systems. Some articles reported milk drop (4.6% of articles), but no article investigated the economic cost of BVDV in farming systems.ConclusionAnimal-level seroprevalence varied across all regions. Most of the studies focused on BVDV seroprevalence. There were some articles that investigated risk factors and health impacts, and there were even less that investigated economic impacts. Future studies should focus on identifying risk factors and quantifying health and economic impacts across systems. Understanding these aspects is crucial to develop management strategies to apply across diverse production systems in LMICs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…BVDV‐2 showed a high frequency in this study, which is demonstrated by the large number of BVDV‐2b strains that were isolated; in contrast, BVDV‐2a strains were not detected. The prevalence of BVDV‐2 was higher than what has been described in most of countries, where the frequency of this species is usually low (Mahony et al., ; Ridpath et al., ; Booth et al., ; Ularamu et al., ; Luzzago et al., ; Pecora et al., ; Zhang et al., ). The high frequency of BVDV‐2 was similar to what has been previously described in Brazil (Bianchi et al., ; Weber et al., ), in Chile (Pizarro‐Lucero et al., ) and in South Korea (Oem et al., ), although the latter two countries are known to have lower numbers of BVDV‐2b strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Bovine Pestiviruses Detected Between 1995 and 2014

Silveira

Weber

Mósena

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Pestivirus infections in ruminants result in significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agents are three species from the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, including bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and an atypical pestivirus named HoBi-like pestivirus. In this study, eighty-nine pestivirus isolates that were collected in Brazil between 1995 and 2014 and that originated from either cattle, fetal bovine serum (FBS) or as cell culture contaminants were genotyped based on a comparison of gene sequences from their 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR), N-terminal autoprotease (N ) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). Of these isolates, 53.9% of the sequences were genotyped as BVDV-1, 33.7% as BVDV-2 and 12.4% as HoBi-like pestivirus. The prevalence of subgenotypes within the species was as follows: BVDV-1a (35.9%), BVDV-2b (31.4%), BVDV-1b (10.1%), BVDV-1d (6.7%), BVDV-2c (2.2%) and BVDV-1e (1.1%). BVDV-2c and BVDV-1e were detected for the first time in Brazil. This study revealed extensive genetic diversity among Brazilian pestivirus isolates, and the combination of pestiviruses that was detected is unique to Brazil. This information may serve as a foundation for designing and evaluating diagnostic tools and in the development of more effective vaccines; therefore, it may potentially contribute to pestivirus control and eradication.

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“…In this study, amplicon obtained from two PCRs was sequenced, and found to belong to the BVDV-1 genotype, which according to previous studies is more common in Africa than BVDV-2 (Baule et al 1997; Emran et al 2014; Kabongo, Baule & Van Vuuren 2003; Thabti et al 2005; Ularamu et al 2013; Van Vuuren 2005; Vilcek et al 2000; Yesilbag et al 2017). For example, in 2013, 82.5% of samples obtained from feedlots in various parts of South Africa and Namibia belonged to BVDV-1, and 17.5% to BVDV-2 (Ularamu et al 2013). The two isolates sequenced in this study were identical to each other, which is not surprising, given the fact that they originated from animals in the same herd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Several prevalence studies have been conducted in southern Africa. In South Africa, prevalences ranging from 37% to 100% in cattle have been detected (Ferreira, Lourens & Van Vuuren 2000; Njiro et al 2011; Ularamu et al 2013). In a Namibian study in the late 1980s, 49% of cattle, 9% of sheep and 5% of goats had neutralising antibodies to BVDV (Depner, Hubschle & Liess 1991b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-time detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus, BVDV-1, in cattle in Botswana

Lysholm

Ramabu

Berg

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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Infectious diseases are serious constraints for improving livestock productivity. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a virus causing grave economic losses throughout the cattle producing world. Infection is often not apparent, but the virus can also cause respiratory signs, diarrhoea, reproductive problems and immunosuppression. Risk factors for disease transmission include, but are not limited to, herd size, animal trade and grazing on communal pastures. Several prevalence studies have been conducted in southern Africa, but in Botswana the occurrence is largely unknown. In this study, blood samples were obtained from 100 goats from three villages around the capital city, Gaborone. Also, 364 blood samples from cattle around Gaborone, collected as part of another study, were analysed. The detected antibody prevalence was 0% in goats and 53.6% in cattle when using a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. Three animals from two different herds were positive for viral nucleic acids on polymerase chain reaction. The two herds with viraemic animals had significantly higher antibody prevalence compared to the other herds. Also, two of the detected viruses were sequenced and found to be most similar to BVDV-1a. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that sequencing has been performed on BVDV isolated in Botswana.

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Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) viruses: confirmation of the presence of BVD genotype 2 in Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Bovine Pestiviruses Detected Between 1995 and 2014

First-time detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus, BVDV-1, in cattle in Botswana

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