Genetic and environmental effects on crop development determining adaptation and yield

Slafer, Gustavo A.; Kantolic, Adriana G.; Appendino, M. L.; Tranquilli, Gabriela; Miralles, Daniel J.; Savin, Roxana

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417104-6.00012-1

Cited by 33 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 307 publications

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“…There was a rather large effect of the growing season on the most relevant traits considered. As large effects on duration of developmental phases can be only ascribed to photoperiod and temperature (Hall et al, 2014;Slafer et al, 2015), the large differences between seasons was unexpected. Photoperiod does not change between years and as sowing times were very similar, average photoperiod for each developmental phase was identical between the two growing seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variation on flowering time allows the adaptation of crops to particular environmental conditions. Genetic control of flowering time (anthesis) in wheat is mainly regulated by photoperiod, vernalization and "earliness per se" genes (Slafer et al, 2015). Photoperiod response is determined by allelic variation at Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 genes (formerly Ppd3, Ppd2 and Ppd1, respectively) located on the short arm of each homoeologous group 2 chromosome (Beales et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duration of developmental phases, and dynamics of leaf appearance and tillering, as affected by source and doses of photoperiod insensitivity alleles in wheat under field conditions

Ochagavía

Prieto

Savin

et al. 2017

Field Crops Research

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Variation in photoperiod sensitivity in wheat plays a major role in the crop adaptation to wide agronomic environments. Photoperiod insensitivity is provided by Ppd-Aa, Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a alleles. Effects of the genome, doses and source of the particular Ppd-1a alleles on time to anthesis has not been analysed simultaneously in the same experiments, even less under field conditions; and the effects on particular phases rather than on considering only the total time to anthesis and on phyllochron have not been considered for this range of allele combinations. We carried out field experiments during two consecutive growing seasons to assess differences in time to anthesis, in its component phases, in final leaf number, phyllochron and tillering across wheat isogenic lines differing in specific Ppd alleles and homoeoalleles. In addition to confirming that the introgression of Ppd-1a alleles advanced anthesis time (on average by 307, 251 and 191ºC d if there were 3, 2 or 1 insensitivity alleles introgressed, respectively), we found that the variation between photoperiod insensitive genotypes was largely dependent on the varietal source of Ppd-B1a which could be stronger or weaker than Ppd-D1a depending on the donor considered. All components of time to flowering: the particular sub-phases (P<0.001) as well final leaf number (P<0.001) and phyllochron of late-appearing leaves (P<0.05) were sensitive to Ppd-1a alleles, but the strength of particular alleles on particular components was different, so that similar adjustments in time to anthesis could be achieved with different partitioning of developmental time between the considered phases. We also found that although they did not affect phyllochron of the first 7 leaves, that of the leaves appearing later was consistently reduced in lines carrying Ppd-1a. Tillering was sensitive too, but not final number of spikes due to compensations between tillering and tiller mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of developmental phases, and dynamics of leaf appearance and tillering, as affected by source and doses of photoperiod insensitivity alleles in wheat under field conditions

Ochagavía

Prieto

Savin

et al. 2017

Field Crops Research

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“…; Slafer et al. ). It has been many times shown that floret primordia development is rather responsive to the availability of assimilates.…”

Section: Pathways To Increase Fruiting Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 97%

Fruiting efficiency: an alternative trait to further rise wheat yield

Slafer

Elía

Savin

et al. 2015

Food and Energy Security

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123

105

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Further improvements in wheat yields are critical, for which increases in grain number would be required. In the recent past, higher grain number was achieved through increased growth of the juvenile spikes before anthesis, due to the reduction in stem growth. As current cultivars have already an optimum height, alternatives must be identified for further increasing grain number. One of them is increasing fruiting efficiency (grains set per unit of spike dry weight at anthesis). Fruiting efficiency is the final outcome of the fate of floret development and differences in this trait within modern cultivars would be related to higher survival of floret primordia. Then there are two alternative physiological pathways to improve fruiting efficiency by allowing a normal development of most vulnerable floret primordia: an increased allocation of assimilates for the developing florets before anthesis, or reduced demand of the florets for maintaining their normal development. Both alternatives may be possible, and it might be critical to recognize which of them is the actual cause of differences in fruiting efficiency. When considering this trait in breeding we must be aware of potential trade‐offs and therefore it must be avoided that increases in fruiting efficiency be constitutively related to decreases in either spike dry weight at anthesis or grain weight. In this review we described fruiting efficiency and its physiological bases, analyzing genetic variation and considering potential drawbacks that must be taken into account to avoid increases in fruiting efficiency being compensated by other traits.

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“…All crops and all phases of development are sensitive to temperature (Slafer et al 2015), but there is genotypic variation in the magnitude of response (Rawson & Richards 1993;Slafer & Rawson 1995). The exact nature of the involvement of temperature in the genetic regulatory network for flowering is not completely understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ambient temperature in association with photoperiod on phenology and on the expressions of major plant developmental genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Kiss

Dixon

Soltész

et al. 2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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In addition to its role in vernalization, temperature is an important environmental stimulus in determining plant growth and development. We used factorial combinations of two photoperiods (16H, 12H) and three temperature levels (11, 18 and 25 °C) to study the temperature responses of 19 wheat cultivars with established genetic relationships. Temperature produced more significant effects on plant development than photoperiod, with strong genotypic components. Wheat genotypes with PPD-D1 photoperiod sensitive allele were sensitive to temperature; their development was delayed by higher temperature, which intensified under non-inductive conditions. The effect of temperature on plant development was not proportional; it influenced the stem elongation to the largest extent, and warmer temperature lengthened the lag phase between the detection of first node and the beginning of intensive stem elongation. The gene expression patterns of VRN1, VRN2 and PPD1 were also significantly modified by temperature, while VRN3 was more chronologically regulated. The associations between VRN1 and VRN3 gene expression with early apex development were significant in all treatments but were only significant for later plant developmental phases under optimal conditions (16H and 18 °C). Under 16H, the magnitude of the transient peak expression of VRN2 observed at 18 and 25 °C associated with the later developmental phases.

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Genetic and environmental effects on crop development determining adaptation and yield

Cited by 33 publications

References 307 publications

Duration of developmental phases, and dynamics of leaf appearance and tillering, as affected by source and doses of photoperiod insensitivity alleles in wheat under field conditions

Duration of developmental phases, and dynamics of leaf appearance and tillering, as affected by source and doses of photoperiod insensitivity alleles in wheat under field conditions

Fruiting efficiency: an alternative trait to further rise wheat yield

Effects of ambient temperature in association with photoperiod on phenology and on the expressions of major plant developmental genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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